Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

D  Generation of ATP

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

D  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

E  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It will stay the same size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will shrink in size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  are nonspecific.

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  endosomes

B  lysosomes

C  ribosomes

D  peroxisomes

E  mitochondria

A  They have different number of energy shells

B  They have different numbers of electrons.

C  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different numbers of neutrons.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  are nonspecific.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  nucleus.

B  plasma membrane.

C  endoplasmic reticulum.

D  Golgi apparatus.

E  mitochondria.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Phagocytosis

B  Active transport

C  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

D  Pinocytosis

E  Hydrosmosis

A  polymerase

B  chemical

C  peptide

D  polypeptide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lysosomes

B  Peroxisomes

C  Ribosomes

D  Endosomes

E  Mitochondria

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Secondary

B  Primary

C  Tertiary

D  Quaternary

A  polysaturated

B  polypeptide

C  polyunsaturated

D  polymerase

A  4

B  6

C  2

D  1

E  8

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Charged particles

B  Solutes

C  Water

D  Lipid molecules

E  Glucose

A  can be carbohydrate molecules.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

B  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

C  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

D  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

E  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesizing lipids

B  Making ATP

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Manufacturing ribosomes

A  200 mM NaCl

B  400 mM urea

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  100 mM NaCl

E  300 mM glucose

A  Lipophilic

B  Atom

C  Ion

D  Molecule

E  Polar

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It has no net electrical charge.

C  It is covalent.

D  It is ionized.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

E  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

B  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

C  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Ionic bonds

E  Van der Waals forces

A  90

B  10

C  1

D  30

E  0

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  Glycolysis

C  Krebs cycle

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

B  Providing genetic information

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Generating ATP

E  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

A  By phosphorylating a reactant

B  By decreasing the energy of activation

C  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

D  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

E  By increasing the temperature of a solution

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Acclimatization

B  Inhibition

C  Saturation

D  Specificity

E  Accommodation