Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  are nonspecific.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  Van der Waals forces

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

E  Ionic bonds

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  4

B  6

C  8

D  1

E  2

A  diffusion through a channel.

B  diffusion using a pump.

C  simple diffusion.

D  active transport.

A  Monosaccharides

B  Phospholipids

C  Cholesterol

D  Amino acids

E  Nucleotides

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

E  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

A  endosomes

B  peroxisomes

C  mitochondria

D  lysosomes

E  ribosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  saturated fat

B  unsaturated fat

C  polyunsaturated fat

D  monounsaturated fat

A  Saturation

B  Inhibition

C  Acclimatization

D  Specificity

E  Accommodation

A  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

B  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

C  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

D  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

E  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  polysaccharide

B  saccharide

C  monosaccharide

D  disaccharide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  400 mM urea

B  300 mM glucose

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  200 mM NaCl

E  100 mM NaCl

A  Atom

B  Lipophilic

C  Molecule

D  Polar

E  Ion

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  monopeptide

B  peptide

C  polypeptide

D  dipeptide

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

D  It is important for cellular movement.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

C  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

D  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

E  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

B  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

C  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

D  It is expressed only on select cell types

E  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

A  A covalent molecule

B  An anion

C  A new element

D  A cation

E  A free radical

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

D  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

A  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

D  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

E  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  Glycolysis

C  Krebs cycle

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  Oxidative phosphorylation

A  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

B  Generating ATP

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Providing genetic information

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

E  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  hydrophilic.

B  hydrophobic.

C  amphipathic.

D  unipolar.

E  bipolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  Facilitated diffusion

B  Primary active transport

C  Simple diffusion

D  Secondary active transport

E  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

A  It is covalent.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It is ionized.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

D  can be carbohydrate molecules.

E  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  protein.

B  glycogen.

C  starch.

D  triacylglycerol.

E  cellulose.

A  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

B  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

C  take place only when no oxygen is present.

D  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

E  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

A  The number of protons

B  The number of bonds it can form

C  The number of neutrons

D  The number of electrons

E  The ratio of protons to electrons

A  a protein.

B  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

C  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

D  used to transfer energy within a cell.

E  used by cells for the storage of energy.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Generation of ATP

B  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  By phosphorylating a reactant

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Water

B  Lipid molecules

C  Glucose

D  Charged particles

E  Solutes

A  It will stay the same size.

B  It will shrink in size.

C  It will swell in size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  Tertiary

B  Secondary

C  Primary

D  Quaternary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  is called translation of the message.

B  requires an RNA polymerase

C  requires DNA polymerase.

D  produces an RNA transcript

E  is called transcription of the message.

F  occurs in the cytoplasm.