Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Endosomes

B  Peroxisomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Ribosomes

E  Lysosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  mitochondria.

B  Golgi apparatus.

C  endoplasmic reticulum.

D  plasma membrane.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

C  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  are nonspecific.

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It has no net electrical charge.

C  It is ionized.

D  It is covalent.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  100 mM NaCl

B  300 mM glucose

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  200 mM NaCl

E  400 mM urea

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

C  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

D  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

A  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

B  Simple diffusion

C  Secondary active transport

D  Facilitated diffusion

E  Primary active transport

A  occurs in the cytoplasm.

B  is called transcription of the message.

C  produces an RNA transcript

D  requires an RNA polymerase

E  is called translation of the message.

F  requires DNA polymerase.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  hydrophobic.

B  bipolar.

C  hydrophilic.

D  unipolar.

E  amphipathic.

A  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  The number of protons

B  The ratio of protons to electrons

C  The number of electrons

D  The number of neutrons

E  The number of bonds it can form

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Sugars that were broken down for energy

B  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

C  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

D  Ionic forms of mineral elements

E  Vitamins

A  Water

B  Lipid molecules

C  Glucose

D  Charged particles

E  Solutes

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Golgi apparatus

B  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

C  Lysosome

D  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

E  Mitochondrion

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

D  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  triacylglycerol.

B  glycogen.

C  starch.

D  cellulose.

E  protein.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Secondary active transport

B  Primary active transport

C  Pinocytosis

D  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

E  Exocytosis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Quaternary

B  Tertiary

C  Primary

D  Secondary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  Krebs cycle

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  Glycolysis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Generation of ATP

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

B  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

C  It is expressed only on select cell types

D  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

E  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

A  take place only when no oxygen is present.

B  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

C  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

A  It will stay the same size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  Active transport

B  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

C  Hydrosmosis

D  Pinocytosis

E  Phagocytosis

A  Van der Waals forces

B  Ionic bonds

C  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

D  Hydrogen bonds

E  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

A  Breaking down carbohydrates

B  Making ATP

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Manufacturing ribosomes

A  simple diffusion.

B  diffusion through a channel.

C  active transport.

D  diffusion using a pump.

A  dipeptide

B  polypeptide

C  peptide

D  monopeptide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Acclimatization

B  Inhibition

C  Accommodation

D  Specificity

E  Saturation

A  They have different numbers of electrons.

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different number of energy shells

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different numbers of neutrons.

A  6

B  2

C  1

D  8

E  4

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

B  Storing calcium ions

C  Providing genetic information

D  Generating ATP

E  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell