Exam 1

A  heredity

B  the media

C  sociobiology

D  sociobiology and heredity

A  females being treated with more leniency by police

B  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

D  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A  maturation hypothesis

B  liberation hypothesis

C  gender gap hypothesis

D  frustration hypothesis

A  relational aggression

B  social aggression

C  indirect aggression

D  physical aggression

A  their appearance

B  their athletic abilities

C  their academic abilities

D  their relations with others

A  feminist theory

B  deterrence and rational theory

C  rational choice theory

D  deterrence theory

A  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

B  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

C  others from committing similar acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

B  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

C  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

D  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

A  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

B  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

C  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

D  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

A  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

B  children who are overly anxious about crime

C  programs that are focused on education

D  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

A  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

B  religiosity

C  personal health

D  level of educational attainment

A  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

B  is no longer important

C  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

D  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

A  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

B  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

C  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

D  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

A  deviance cannot be seen

B  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

C  deviance is the same to all

D  deviance really does not exist

A  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

B  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

C  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

D  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

A  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

B  inadequate medical care in prison

C  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

D  solitary confinement

A  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

B  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

C  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

D  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

A  having no effect on future behavior

B  causing a variety of activities

C  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

D  relative unimportance

A  situations are defined differently

B  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

C  no situation is ever the same

D  situations can cause serious consequences

A  social status, social roles, and social expectations

B  only social expectations

C  only social status

D  only social roles

A  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

B  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

C  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D  were not interested in delinquency

A  They have strong social bonds

B  They have a great deal of remorse

C  They have absolutely no social bonds

D  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

A  occasionally free to “drift”

B  an immoral person

C  unchanging

D  locked into a particular situation

A  appeal to higher loyalties

B  denial of harm

C  denial of responsibility

D  condemning the condemner

A  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

B  does not vary among individuals

C  cannot be applied to juveniles

D  applies only to juveniles

A  pride and self-worth

B  mental conflict and anxiety

C  alienation and frustration

D  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

A  come from a hard-working background

B  they have been rewarded for doing so

C  they have a strong religious background

D  they come from a wealthy background

A  have no effect on juveniles

B  have no effect on females

C  can become viable role models for some youngsters

D  are ignored by most youth

A  will become a ward of the state

B  can never become a law-abiding citizen

C  slips into juvenile delinquency

D  loses interest in society

A  characterization

B  crystallization

C  socialization

D  politicization

A  Cambodian

B  Korean

C  Chinese

D  Japanese

A  in the suburbs

B  in jail

C  in the rural outreaches of the city

D  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

A  not uniform throughout the population

B  really not that important

C  not identifiable

D  uniform throughout the population

A  rebellion-oriented gang

B  crime-oriented gang

C  retreatist-oriented gang

D  conflict-oriented gang

A  average boys.

B  the behavior of lower class juveniles

C  middle class juveniles

D  abused children

A  rebellion

B  ritualism

C  retreatism

D  centralism

A  innovation

B  conformity

C  retreatism

D  ritualism

A  prevailing social conditions

B  economic status

C  arrest rates

D  local government

A  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

B  suicide rates drop dramatically

C  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

D  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

A  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

B  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

C  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

A  bullies, victims, and interlopers

B  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

C  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

D  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

A  normal behavior

B  personality

C  social indifference

D  deviant behavior

A  accepted by most criminologists

B  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

C  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

D  totally ignored

A  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

B  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

C  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

D  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

A  victims distrust surveys

B  victims have never filed any police complaint

C  victims really do not care to answer the questions

D  victims are the only source of information

A  let the parents handle the case

B  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

C  dismiss the case

D  divert the matter away from the court system

A  only because of the frequency of occurrence

B  only because of their seriousness

C  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

D  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

A  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

B  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

C  the average person believes it

D  it produces results

A  negative norms

B  proscriptive norms

C  outdated

D  prescriptive norms

A  are referred to as status offenses

B  are prohibited for juveniles

C  are not illegal when done by adults

D  all of the above