Chapters 1,2,3,4,5, 6 Exam

A  smitosis

B  DNA

C  phenotype

D  zygote

A  low parental IQ

B  highly inadequate caregiving

C  the absence of siblings

D  single parenting

A  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate.

B  developed an attachment to both surrogates.

C  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate.

D  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate.

A  child-rearing conditions; a child’s temperament

B  attachment quality; child-care experiences

C  attachment quality; temperament

D  a parent’s temperament; financial resources

A  quickly establishes regular routines in infancy and adapts easily to new experiences.

B  is generally cheerful and is slow to accept new experiences.

C  is irregular in daily routines and tends to react negatively and intensely.

D  is inactive and shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli.

A  the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

B  early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation.

C  emotions that involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self.

D  quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

A  involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

B  does not emerge until the preschool years.

C  is a built-in, automatic process that governs emotional response.

D  involves actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person.

A  guilt, shame, and pride

B  shame, doubt, and surprise

C  embarrassment, pride, and interest

D  envy, happiness, and disgust

A  They should eat a lot of fruit and smile and say, “Yummy!” when Beckham eats fruit.

B  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit.

C  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit.

D  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit.

A  prefers one parent over the other.

B  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy.

C  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult.

D  looks at his mother’s facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy.

A  tries to comfort his mother when she is sad.

B  sleeps longer than most infants.

C  produces low levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

D  shows delays in motor and mental development.

A  Early intervention programs increase intelligence test scores during the school years, but the gains are not sustained beyond middle childhood.

B  The earlier intervention begins, the longer it lasts, and the greater its scope and intensity, the better participants’ performance is throughout childhood and adolescence.

C  Even with early intervention, most children born into economically disadvantaged families will not reach their full potential.

D  The U.S. Congress recently recognized the successes of early intervention and now fully funds all programs directed at low-income infants and toddlers.

A  provide an unstructured and chaotic physical setting

B  take part in coloring with crayons with their children

C  engage their children in physical activity

D  talk to their infants and toddlers

A  early memories are stored in an explicit memory system that is difficult to recall.

B  long-term memory does not emerge until around age 7.

C  they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

D  they have most likely forgotten these early memories due to the passage of time.

A  Recall; recognition

B  The sensory register; working memory

C  Recognition; recall

D  Habituation; recovery

A  Sensory processes

B  Permanent functions

C  Executive functions

D  Automatic processes

A  the primary circular reaction.

B  reflexive schemes.

C  mental representation.

D  object permanence.

A  organize; assimilate

B  assimilate; accommodate

C  organize; adapt

D  accommodate; organize

A  crawling

B  grasping

C  scribbling

D  tying their shoes

A  kwashiorkor.

B  iron-deficiency anemia.

C  marasmus.

D  nonorganic failure to thrive.

A  usually strikes after weaning.

B  is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients.

C  is common in regions of the world where children get just enough calories from starchy foods.

D  is caused by an unbalanced diet very low in protein.

A  Avoid giving Angus foods loaded with salt and sugar.

B  Give Angus foods containing saturated fats.

C  Give Angus formula the first six months.

D  Cut back on Angus’s protein throughout infancy and toddlerhood.

A  less irritable during the first three months.

B  born later.

C  more irritable during the first three years.

D  heavier and longer at birth.

A  all fetuses are equally vulnerable to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.

B  the impairments caused by heavy, regular alcohol use during pregnancy are reversible.

C  effects are caused by interfering with production of neurons in the neural tube and also cause many facial deformities.

D  FAS babies catch up to agemates in physical size when provided with an enriched diet.

A  higher mental test scores

B  deformities of the arms and legs

C  below average intelligence

D  both a and c

A  Cocaine

B  Prescription drug use

C  Heroin

D  Marijuana

A  Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

B  Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

C  Smaller doses over shorter time periods have more negative effects.

D  The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

A  is the point at which the baby can be born without being premature.

B  occurs sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy.

C  is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early.

D  occurs sometime between 18 and 21 weeks.

A  nervous system and skin.

B  brain and central nervous system.

C  digestive system, lungs, and urinary tract.

D  muscles and skeleton.

A  develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

B  will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

C  swells to form the brain.

D  grows slowly at first.

A  is the longest prenatal period.

B  lasts about two weeks.

C  is the prenatal period during which the groundwork is laid for all body structures and organs.

D  lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy.

A  cervix.

B  uterus.

C  ovaries.

D  fallopian tubes.

A  Turner

B  Down

C  Klinefelter

D  XYY

A  require hormone therapy

B  need regular injections of insulin

C  require frequent blood transfusions

D  have to be placed on a diet low in amino acid (protein)

A  recessive.

B  a carrier.

C  dominant.

D  dominant–recessive.

A  autosome

B  gamete

C  zygote

D  allele

A  halves the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

B  results in dizygotic twins.

C  doubles the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

D  permits the chromosomes to copy themselves.

A  autosomes

B  alleles

C  gametes

D  phenotypes

A  cells

B  genotypes

C  chromosomes

D  phenotypes

A  karyotype

B  phenotype

C  genotype

D  chromosome

A  genotypes.

B  alleles.

C  phenotypes.

D  chromosomes.

A  formal operational

B  preoperational

C  concrete operational

D  sensorimotor

A  concrete operational

B  formal operational

C  preoperational

D  sensorimotor

A  pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.

B  reinforcing good behavior and punishing bad behavior.

C  cooperative diaglogues with adults and more expert peers.

D  imprinting on a mother-fugure during the critical period.

A  modeling.

B  punishment.

C  classical conditioning.

D  reinforcement.

A  pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation.

B  minimized the role of culture in individual development.

C  primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences.

D  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development.

A  actively explore the environment.

B  acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills.

C  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers.

D  confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.