Navigation » List of Schools » East Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 001 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Winter 2021 » Lecture Exam 1
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A muscle cell
B epithelial cells
C collagen cells
D Paracrine
Question #2
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #3
A A new set of effects unlike those of heroin alone
B A decrease in the effects of heroin
C The same effects from heroin plus additional effects of naloxone
D An increase in the effects of heroin
Question #4
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #5
A It phosphorylates cell proteins.
B It is the first messenger that binds to the integral membrane protein receptor.
C It binds to the endoplasmic reticulum and causes therelease ofinositol trisphosphate
D Along with diacylglycerol, it activates protein kinase C.
E It splits and activates G-protein subunits.
Question #6
A Protein kinase
B Cyclic AMP
C Glucose
D Sodium
E Thyroid hormone
Question #7
A Some cellular receptors have such low affinity for chemical ligands that it can require a million or more molecules to activate them.
B Only hydrophilic first-messenger molecules can activate second-messenger molecules within the cell cytosol.
C When the extracellular concentration of a chemical messenger reaches a very high level, it overwhelms transporter molecules and the chemical floods into the cell.
D A single first-messenger molecule activates multiple second-messenger molecules, each of which activate thousands of enzymes.
Question #8
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #9
A Increasing the availability of phosphodiesterase molecules
B Inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity
C Increasing the expression of Camp
D Decreasing the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase
E Acting as an agonist on the receptor for epinephrine, a hormone that increases heart contractility
Question #10
A Cyclic AMP directly activates enzymes that catabolize glycogen and fat.
B Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activates two kinds of enzymes.
C The activated receptor complex stimulates production of two different second messengers.
D Epinephrine is binding to two types of receptors in the plasma membrane.
Question #11
A At higher concentrations epinephrine can pass through the plasma membrane and directly stimulate contraction within the cell.
B There is one type of epinephrine receptor that uses two second-messenger systems.
C There are two types of receptors for epinephrine that use the same second-messenger system.
D There are two types of epinephrine receptors with different affinities for epinephrine that use two different second-messenger systems.
Question #12
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #13
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #14
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #15
A Water
B Solutes
C Glucose
D Charged particles
E Lipid molecules
Question #16
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #17
A Substance Y will diffuse faster.
B Substance X will diffuse faster.
C Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.
Question #18
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #19
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #20
A Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.
B The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.
C Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic
D The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.
E Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.
Question #21
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #22
A Tightening the tight junctions between epithelial cells
B Facilitated diffusion of glucose to the bloodstream from the lumen
C Active transport of Na + from the lumen to the basolateral side
D Opening of aquaporins on the apical membrane
E Active transport of H + from the basolateral side to the lumen
Question #23
A have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”
B are catalysts in chemical reactions.
C can be carbohydrate molecules.
D are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.
E are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.
Question #24
A cytosol.
B proteins and glycocalyx.
C phospholipids and nucleic acids.
D phospholipids and proteins.
E water.
Question #25
A They remove phosphate groups from proteins.
B They produce effects similar to allosteric modulation.
C They use ATP to carry out their reactions.
D They add phosphate groups to proteins.
E They perform the opposite function as phosphatases.
Question #26
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #27
A It blocks the binding of the ligand to its binding site and prevents activation of the protein.
B It decreases the amount of ligand required to activate the protein.
C It binds to a different binding site on the protein, altering the protein shape so that a ligand cannot bind.
D When present, it increases the binding of a ligand to its receptor.
Question #28
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #29
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #30
A 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP
B 2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water
C 2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate
D 2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP
E 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH
Question #31
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #32
A All of the molecules will move freely in the lipid bilayer.
B Cholesterol will associate with adjacent phospholipid molecules and stay near them.
C Cholesterol will migrate away from phospholipids and toward proteins.
D Cholesterol will be excluded from the bilayer and will no longer be associated with phospholipids because they have different properties.
Question #33
A Requires more energy than is produced by the catabolism of the same fatty acid
B The enzymes that catalyze it are in the same location as those that mediate fatty acid catabolism
C Takes place in the cytosol of cells
D Results in molecules with an even number of carbon atoms only
E Begins with a molecule of acetyl coenzyme A
Question #34
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #35
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #36
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #37
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #38
A No effect on blood glucose level
B Increase blood glucose level
C Decrease blood glucose level
Question #39
A Disulfide bridges
B Ionic bonds
C Hydrophobic interactions
D Hydrogen bonds
E You are likely to find all of these within a single protein.
Question #40
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #41
A hydrophobic.
B amphipathic.
C hydrophilic.
D unipolar.
E bipolar.
Question #42
A The number of protons
B The number of neutrons
C The ratio of protons to electrons
D The number of bonds it can form
E The number of electrons
Question #43
A Van der Waals forces
B Hydrogen bonds
C Ionic bonds
D Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases
E Covalent bonds between two cysteine amino acids
Question #44
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #45
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #46
A They cease to occur when a person is in a dark environment.
B They are voluntary rhythms, like the time you decide to eat lunch each day.
C They are cyclical, like the 28-day female menstrual cycle.
D They cease to occur when a person is in a dark environment.
E They repeat approximately every 24 hours, like daily spikes in hormone secretion.
Question #47
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #48
A As age increases, the amount of calcium in bones tends to decrease.
B After eating a large batch of salty popcorn, levels of salt in the urine increase.
C After going outside on a hot day, the core body temperature increases.
D A person who becomes very nervous begins to sweat profusely.
E Increasing the size of fast-food restaurant portions causes body weight to increase.
Question #49
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #50
A Physiological acclimatization
B Feedforward regulation
C Developmental acclimatization
D Positive feedback
E Evolution
Question #51
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #52
A Effector, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, receptor
B Effector, efferent pathway, integrating center, afferent pathway, receptor
C Receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, effector
D Receptor, efferent pathway, integrating center, afferent pathway, effector
E Integrating center, receptor, afferent pathway, efferent pathway, effector