Lecture Exam 1

A  all microorganisms of the same species

B  all microorganisms the human body

C  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

D  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

A  7.5

B  7

C  8

D  1.5

E  14

A  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

B  time of infection and recovery

C  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

D  the time of infection and death

A  a Swan necked flask

B  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

C  a flask with a gauze covering

D  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

A  a more severe disease will result.

B  a different disease of the same severity will result.

C  a milder disease will result.

D  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

A  a microbe that causes disease in humans

B  a parasite that infects dogs

C  a virus that does nothing to humans

D  a parasite that kills its host

A  non-polar covalent bond

B  polar-covalent bond.

C  hydrogen bond.

D  ionic bond.

A  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

B  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

C  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

D  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

A  vicarious immunity

B  threshold immunity

C  resistance effect

D  herd immunity

A  cells

B  disease

C  air

D  bacteria

A  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

B  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

C  pH has no effect on virulence.

D  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

A  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

B  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

C  an infection the spreads in a hospital

D  an infection that spreads between two humans

A  individuals

B  animals.

C  continents.

D  states.

E  insects.

A  commensalism

B  parasitism

C  mutualism

D  pathogenicity

A  appearance

B  DNA

C  Gram stains

D  fats

E  mitochondrial

A  nosocomial infections

B  social infections

C  community infections

D  vector-borne infections

A  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

C  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

D  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

E  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

A  convalescence

B  decline

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  prodromal

E  illness

F  incubation

A  reservoir

B  source

C  hot zone

D  vector

A  lethal point

B  penetration point

C  infectious point

D  portal of entry

A  10 times more acidic

B  100 times more acidic

C  1000 times more acidic

D  30 times more acidic

E  3 times more acidic

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the virulence of the organism

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

D  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  dust

B  carbon dioxide

C  air

D  oxygen

E  sunlight

A  towels

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  human hands

D  needles

E  door handles

F  none of the above is correct

A  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

B  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

E  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

F  none of the above is correct

A  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of atoms

B  their outer shell is full of neutrons

C  their outer shell is full of protons

D  their outer shell is full of electrons

A  genetic profile

B  human behavior

C  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

D  environmental conditions

A  the urinary tract

B  the respiratory tract

C  the digestive tract

D  the placenta

E  the eyes and skin

A  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

B  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

C  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

D  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

A  it is a sporadic infection

B  its virulence is low

C  it is highly virulent

D  it is not human pathogen

E  none of the above are correct

A  endemic

B  sporadic

C  pandemic

D  epidemic

A  mortality

B  incidence

C  prevalence

D  morbidity

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

B  2, 8, 18, 2

C  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

D  2, 8, 18

A  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

B  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

C  social isolation never makes them go away

D  ignorance almost always makes them worse

A  parasites.

B  commensals.

C  mutualistic.

D  pathogens.

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

A  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

B  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

C  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

D  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

A  an infected host organism

B  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

C  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

D  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

A  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

B  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

C  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

D  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

A  inert electrons

B  valence electrons

C  octet electrons

D  reactive electrons

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  common source

B  partial

C  nosocomial

D  opportunistic

A  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

C  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

D  both A & B are correct

E  none of the above

A  respiratory membrane

B  parenteral route.

C  nosocomial route

D  prodromal route

E  none of the above

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  death rate

C  number of prevalence

D  infection rate

E  number of incidences

F  none of the above is correct

A  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

B  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

C  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

D  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

A  epidemic.

B  sporadic.

C  pandemic.

D  endemic.

A  temperature

B  location

C  size

D  time

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

C  they always are transmitted from the same vector

D  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans