Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A ball and socket

B pivot

C hinge

D saddle

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

B There are three structural categories of articulations.

C All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

D An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

E Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A gliding

B ellipsoid

C multiaxial

D uniaxial

E biaxial

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A angular

B rotational

C eversion

D sliding

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A hyperextension.

B dislocation.

C hypertrophy.

D hyperflexion.

E supination.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A adduction; abduction

B flexion; extension

C extension; hyperextension

D abduction; adduction

E extension; flexion

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A extension.

B flexion.

C adduction.

D abduction.

E rotation.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A saddle

B plane

C hinge

D condyle

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Supination and extension

B Eversion and abduction

C Depression and flexion

D Protraction and rotation

E Pronation and adduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A dense irregular connective tissue.

B fibrocartilage.

C areolar connective tissue.

D articular cartilage.

E dense regular connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Intervertebral joint

B Second costochondral joint

C First costochondral joint

D First sternocostal joint

E Second sternocostal joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Pivot

B Plane

C Saddle

D Ball and socket

E Condylar

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A pronation.

B eversion.

C abduction.

D protraction.

E supination.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A rotating

B flexing

C circumducting

D elevating

E hyperextending

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A slightly mobile.

B dislocated.

C freely mobile.

D fused.

E immobile.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A syndesmosis.

B synarthrosis.

C suture.

D synostosis.

E synchondrosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A diarthroses.

B articular discs.

C menisci.

D bursae.

E fat pads.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

B Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

C Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

D Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

E Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Distal humerus

B Phalanges

C Distal head of femur

D Os coxa

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Red bone marrow

B Nutrient foramina

C Yellow bone marrow

D Epiphyseal line

E Endosteum

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Protection

B Hemopoiesis

C Mineral storage

D Body movement

E Hormone synthesis

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Concentric lamellae

B Circumferential lamellae

C Canaliculi

D Perforating canals

E Interstitial lamellae

Question #25

Flat bones

A protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

B have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

C have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

D include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

E are, by definition, not at all curved.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

B glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

C calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

D steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

E calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It is located deep to compact bone.

B It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

C It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

D It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

E Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A yellow marrow to red marrow.

B spongy bone to compact bone.

C red marrow to yellow marrow.

D bone marrow to spongy bone.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

B It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

C It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

D It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

E It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A skin.

B liver.

C bone.

D kidney.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B contains no osteocytes.

C All of the choices are correct.

D forms diploe in the cranial bones.

E has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

B osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

C osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

D osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A thyroid to produce calcitriol.

B liver to produce somatomedin.

C parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

D liver to produce calcitonin.

E brain to produce serotonin.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Yellow bone marrow

B Inorganic salts

C Collagen fibers

D Trabeculae

E Elastic fibers

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

B Avascular

C Matrix of protein fibers

D Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

E Gel-like ground substance

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Parathyroid hormone

B Thyroid hormone

C Estrogen and testosterone

D Calcitonin

E Growth hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoclasts

B osteocytes

C osteoprogenitor cells

D osteoid cells

E osteoblasts

Question #43

Compact bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

C All of the choices are correct.

D is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

E is avascular.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteoclasts

B Osteoblasts

C Osteoprogenitor cells

D Bone-lining cells

E Osteocytes

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A bone remodeling.

B intramembranous ossification.

C mesenchymal ossification.

D endochondral ossification.

E orthodontia.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Articular cartilage

B Elastic cartilage

C Fibrocartilage

D Hyaline cartilage

E Reticular cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A membranous

B dense connective tissue

C mesenchyme

D osteoid

E hyaline cartilage

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Provides flexibility for bending

B Provides passageway for blood vessels

C Forms articular surface

D Site of bone elongation and growth

E Supports soft tissues

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A sternum (breast bone).

B trapezoid (of wrist).

C femur (of thigh).

D calcaneus (heel).

E radius (of forearm).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A high

B low

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