Chapter 1 Post Test

A  temporarily reduced

B  permanently reduced

C  temporarily increased

D  had no effect on

A  the United States Senate.

B  the United States House of Representatives.

C  the Supreme Court.

D  the Electoral College.

A  majority rule with majority rights.

B  minority rule with minority rights.

C  majority rule with minority rights.

D  minority rule with majority rights.

A  They all addressed government discrimination on the basis of race.

B  They all focused on protecting religious liberty from government action.

C  They all granted the right to vote to a previously disenfranchised group of Americans.

D  They all protected the rights of people accused of a crime.

A  popular sovereignty

B  “one person, one vote”

C  the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights

D  laissez-faire capitalism

A  equality.

B  income inequality.

C  oligarchy

D  liberty.

A  political needs are often placed above economic needs.

B  American values are not always reflected in practice.

C  Americans have never valued liberty.

D  European ideals have influenced American political culture.

A  Far more restrictions exist today on the press, political speech, and individual behavior than in the early years of the nation.

B  Ever since the ratification of the Bill of Rights, there have been no restrictions on the press, political speech, and individual behavior.

C  Far fewer restrictions exist today on the press, political speech, and individual behavior than in the early years of the nation.

D  Ever since the ratification of the Bill of Rights, there has been a stable number of strict regulations on the press, political speech, and individual behavior.

A  1789

B  1870

C  1920

D  1965

A  They were in effect early in the country’s history but were eliminated with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920.

B  They are explicitly forbidden in the Constitution and have never been instituted.

C  They were in effect early in the country’s history but were eliminated by 1828.

D  They were instituted in 1828 and are still in effect in many states.

A  popular sovereignty.

B  majority rule.

C  political equality.

D  equality of opportunity.

A  limited economic freedom by creating a government-run health insurance program funded entirely by taxes on corporate profits.

B  limited economic freedom by requiring businesses to provide health coverage for their employees and establishing standards about which health services should be covered by the insurance.

C  expanded economic freedom by allowing businesses to choose which health services would be covered under the insurance plans provided to their employees.

D  expanded economic freedom by cutting taxes on any business that chose to provide health insurance coverage for its employees.

A  would not have to provide any health insurance coverage to their employees.

B  could be exempted from the Affordable Care Act’s requirement to cover contraception on the basis of religious objections.

C  could not opt out of providing contraceptive care under the Affordable Care Act, even if they raised religious objections.

D  could discriminate in their hiring practices on the basis of an applicant’s religious affiliation.

A  limited government.

B  privacy.

C  economic equality.

D  unlimited government.

A  have largely stagnated over the last 40 years.

B  have decreased significantly over the last 40 years.

C  have increased significantly over the last 40 years.

D  decreased significantly between 1976 and 1996 but have increased significantly since 1996.

A  not represented at all in the national political system.

B  about equally/proportionally represented within the national political system.

C  underrepresented within the national political system.

D  overrepresented within the national political system.

A  entitled to education but not emergency health care in the United States.

B  entitled to emergency health care but not education in the United States.

C  entitled to both education and emergency health care in the United States.

D  prohibited from accessing both education and emergency health care in the United States.

A  the Supreme Court’s decision in Plyler v. Doe.

B  the collapse of the Soviet Union.

C  a 1965 Congressional decision to change the law.

D  refugees fleeing conflicts in the Middle East and Africa.

A  2; Mexico and Central America

B  6; Mexico and Central America

C  12; Mexico and Central America

D  12; Asia and Africa

A  with the arrival of immigrants from Asia in the early 1970s.

B  with the arrival of German and Irish Catholics in the mid-1800s.

C  with the arrival of Jews from eastern Europe and Russia in the early twentieth century.

D  with the arrival of Catholics from Latin America in the mid-1960s.

A  Atheist.

B  Catholic.

C  Protestant.

D  Mormon.

A  stopped counting persons of Hispanic origin in a separate racial category.

B  officially began counting persons of Hispanic origin but also noted that Hispanics can belong to any racial group.

C  classified all persons of Hispanic origin as belonging to “two or more races.”

D  added “Hispanic” to the racial categories of White, Black, Asian, and Native American.

A  Africa.

B  Europe.

C  Latin America.

D  Asia.

A  Native Americans became U.S. citizens in 1868.

B  Native Americans have never become U.S. citizens under American constitutional law.

C  Native Americans became U.S. citizens in 1924.

D  Native Americans have always been recognized as citizens of the United States.

A  allowed only a small quota of new immigrants from northern European countries but a large quota of immigrants from eastern and southern European countries.

B  outlawed all immigration from European countries.

C  allowed a large quota of new immigrants from northern European countries but only a small quota of new immigrants from eastern and southern European countries.

D  allowed the same quota of new immigrants from every country around the world.

A  pluralism.

B  populism.

C  political efficacy.

D  laissez-faire.

A  citizens are informed.

B  less than a majority of citizens vote in every election.

C  all candidates for office are wealthy.

D  all candidates for office are highly educated.

A  citizens in a state approving the use of medical marijuana through referendum

B  a citizen deciding to contribute money to his preferred presidential candidate

C  a citizen calling her representative to complain about potholes on local roads

D  a group of citizens coming together to debate the pros and cons of higher taxes

A  oligarchic government; representative

B  direct democracy; representative

C  oligarchic government; direct

D  representative democracy; direct

A  autocracy to an oligarchy.

B  democracy to an autocracy.

C  democracy to an oligarchy.

D  autocracy to a democracy.

A  Harold Lasswell

B  Abraham Lincoln

C  John Locke

D  James Madison

A  a constitutional oligarchy

B  a totalitarian democracy

C  a constitutional democracy

D  an authoritarian oligarchy

A  the United Kingdom

B  the Soviet Union under Stalin

C  Nazi Germany

D  North Korea

A  democratic

B  monarchic

C  totalitarian

D  authoritarian

A  the level of wealth of the rulers

B  the number of people in charge

C  the strength of the military

D  international diplomatic recognition

A  Distrust strengthens the government’s ability to defend our national interests in the world economy.

B  Distrust motivates people to participate in politics through voting, volunteering for political campaigns, and running for office.

C  Distrust makes people less willing to pay the taxes necessary for public activities.

D  Distrust makes it easier for the government to help people in times of crisis.

A  Americans have a deep commitment because approximately three-quarters of Americans will vote in every election regardless of who is running.

B  Americans have a shallow commitment to democracy because approximately three-quarters of Americans will never vote in any election regardless of who is running.

C  public engagement with and trust in American democracy is at historically high levels.

D  public disengagement and cynicism is a persistent challenge for the functioning of American democracy.

A  the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965.

B  the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870.

C  the ratification of the Constitution in 1789.

D  the ratification of the Twenty-Sixth Amendment in 1971.

A  Few Americans have embraced the ideal of equality of results, but most share the ideal of equality of opportunity and political equality.

B  Few Americans have embraced the ideal of equality of opportunity, but most share the ideal of equality of results

C  Few Americans have embraced the ideal of full political equality, but most share the ideal of equality of opportunity and equality of results.

D  Few Americans have embraced the ideals of equality of opportunity, equality of results, and political equality.

A  economic fairness.

B  equality of access to public institutions.

C  laissez-faire capitalism.

D  individual privacy.

A  strongly endorse the ideal of equality of opportunity.

B  strongly reject the ideal of popular sovereignty.

C  generally tolerate economic inequality.

D  believe in majority rule with minority rights.

A  the freedoms identified in the Supreme Court’s decision in Marbury v. Madison.

B  the freedoms discussed in the Articles of Confederation.

C  the freedoms delineated in the Bill of Rights.

D  the freedoms listed in Article I of the Constitution.

A  Anarchy, equality, and patriotism

B  Liberty, equality, and democracy

C  Equality, oligarchy, and free enterprise

D  Democracy, patriotism, and the rule of law

A  eliminate the role of money in politics.

B  reduce the influence of the electoral college in selecting the president.

C  rid politics of corruption.

D  limit voting to property-owning White males.

A  McCulloch v. Maryland (1819).

B  Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).

C  Marbury v. Madison (1803).

D  Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS (1954).

A  Declaration of Independence; Constitution

B  Constitution; Magna Carta

C  Declaration of Independence; Magna Carta

D  Constitution; Mayflower Compact

A  not experienced any regional shifts.

B  shifted as a result of people leaving urban areas and moving to rural areas.

C  shifted as a result of people leaving the South and Southwest and moving to the Northeast and Midwest.

D  shifted as a result of people leaving the Northeast and Midwest and moving to the South and Southwest.

A  used to be heavily rural and is now heavily urban.

B  has long been balanced between rural and urban areas, though of late it is becoming more rural.

C  has long been balanced between rural and urban areas, though of late it is becoming more urban.

D  used to be heavily urban and is now heavily rural.

A  much greater than it was in 1900 but much less than it was in 1970.

B  about the same as it was in 1900.

C  much greater than at any other point in history.

D  much lower than at any other point in history.

A  30%

B  50%

C  70%

D  10%

A  The number of Americans identifying as “two or more races” has increased from 10% in 1965 to more than 20% today.

B  The number of Americans identifying as “two or more races” was largely unknown before the census added that category in 2000.

C  The number of Americans identifying as “two or more races” has remained at approximately 10% since the 1870s.

D  The number of Americans identifying as “two or more races” has declined from approximately 10% in 1965 to approximately 3% today.

A  1868, when the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution conferred citizenship on formerly enslaved people.

B  1857, when the Supreme Court issued its ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford.

C  1920, when the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution allowed for universal suffrage.

D  1896, when the Supreme Court issued its ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.

A  not mentioned in any federal law prior to 1973.

B  strongly recruited to the United States by the federal government between 1882 and 1943.

C  largely prohibited from entering the United States prior to the 1940s.

D  allowed to enter the country in unlimited numbers by a 1924 Supreme Court decision.

A  remained relatively constant between 1960 and 2015.

B  decreased dramatically between 1960 and 2015.

C  increased dramatically between 1960 and 2015.

D  decreased between 1960 and 1975 but increased between 1975 and 2015.

A  feel a stronger sense of patriotism.

B  be better able to judge the legitimacy of other nations.

C  be able to determine who belongs and who does not belong.

D  be better able to assess their own interests when making political choices.

A  totalitarian government to a constitutional government.

B  totalitarian government to an authoritarian government.

C  constitutional government to a totalitarian government.

D  authoritarian government to a totalitarian government.

A  A system of representative democracy in which the ability to vote for elected representatives would be extended to all citizens.

B  A system of direct democracy in which the right to vote on laws would be extended to all citizens.

C  A system of direct democracy in which the right to vote on laws would be limited to the middle and upper classes.

D  A system of representative democracy in which the ability to vote for elected representatives would be limited to the middle and upper classes.

A  Constitutional democracies were very rare before 1800 and only a minority of the world’s population currently lives under this form of government.

B  Constitutional democracies were very common before 1800 and the vast majority of the world’s population currently lives under this form of government.

C  Although only a minority of the world’s population currently lives in a constitutional democracy, this form of government was very common prior to 1800.

D  Although the vast majority of the world’s population currently lives in a constitutional democracy, this form of government was very rare before 1800.

A  totalitarian.

B  democratic.

C  oligarchic.

D  constitutional.

A  Franklin Roosevelt

B  Abraham Lincoln

C  Alexander Hamilton

D  Thomas Jefferson