Quiz 2 Chapter 3 and 4

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Question #1

Himani thinks that religion consists of meaningful displays of values and norms that are created, maintained, and changed through social interaction. What perspective best describes Himani’s views?

A conflict theory

B structural functionalism

C radicalization

D symbolic interactionism

Question #2

A married man in the United States with several mistresses is violating a ________, but he is violating a ________ if he is married to more than one woman at the same time.

A folkway; more

B law; taboo

C set of mores; law

D norm; folkway

Question #3

Churches usually teach their members rules and often codify these rules into formal commandments to be followed. Given this, churches can be considered

A dramaturgists.

B agents of socialization.

C total institutions.

D part of the media.

Question #4

________ is taboo in American society.

A Bankruptcy

B Drunkenness

C Divorce

D Drinking blood

Question #5

Unlike folkways, mores are closely related to

A the core values of a group.

B the dominant culture of a group.

C culture wars between groups.

D formal but not informal norms.

Question #6

A sociologist observes that kindergartners are not just being taught about arts and crafts. They are also being taught how to be students, including skills such as following rules, remaining in their seats, and other things that will be necessary for the rest of their education. What are these skills called?

A the hidden curriculum

B theories of the self

C expressions of behavior

D the ego

Question #7

Ethnocentric people tend to view other cultures as abnormal because

A they are practicing cultural relativism.

B they are part of a counterculture.

C they have values and beliefs that are universally recognized.

D they use their own culture as a standard of judgment.

Question #8

________ occurs when the dominant culture succeeds in imposing its values and ideas on all of society.

A Cultural leveling

B Hegemony

C Cultural relativism

D Cultural diffusion

Question #9

A high school football coach is worried about how he should handle his roster. On one hand, it’s his job to try to win as many games as possible, which means playing the best players. On the other hand, his contract also requires him to try to allow every member of the team to meaningfully participate. The tension he feels is the result of

A role conflict.

B emotion work.

C role strain.

D feeling rules.

Question #10

Countercultural groups such as the hippies of the 1960s

A actually had a lifestyle that was similar to that of the mainstream culture.

B were considered members of the popular culture.

C rejected the norms of the dominant culture.

D are now seen as members of a subculture.

Question #11

Parents often buy their children gender-specific toys. Boys are given action figures that encourage active and aggressive play, while girls are given dolls and toy ovens that reinforce traditional gender roles. This is part of what process?

A status conflict

B social isolation

C personality

D socialization

Question #12

Most large retailers such as Target, H&M, and Old Navy carry similar clothing styles, and thus there is not extreme variation in what most Americans wear. Which sociological concept best explains this phenomenon?

A ideal culture

B hegemony

C real culture

D multiculturalism

Question #13

Someone who is newly divorced after a long marriage and now wants to start dating again may find that many of the norms of dating have changed. Behaviors like splitting the check or talking about safe sex may be new for this person. This process of having to learn and adjust to the new rules of dating is an example of

A resocialization.

B adaptation.

C impression management.

D copresence.

Question #14

Many people are afraid of picking up hitchhikers. Imagine that a hitchhiker, to be offered a ride, makes a suitcase out of a gasoline can so that he looks like he’s a stranded motorist rather than a hitchhiker. A sociologist would say that the hitchhiker was working on

A expressions given off.

B expressions of behavior.

C expressions given.

D impression management.

Question #15

A goal of socialization is

A to ensure that society self-evaluates.

B to teach the skills necessary to satisfy our love of technology.

C to teach norms, values, and beliefs.

D to teach people how to avoid incarceration.

Question #16

As children get older, which agent of socialization tends to replace parents as their most intense and immediate influence?

A religion

B schools

C peers

D the media

Question #17

Julian is a child who consistently earns mediocre grades and is often picked last for team games. He likes to make silly jokes and play pranks, and he notices that people laugh when he does so. The child starts to think that others are laughing with him, not at him. Charles Cooley would say this development is part of

A the backstage.

B the preparatory stage.

C the looking-glass self.

D impression management.

Question #18

“Each to each a looking-glass, / Reflects the other that doth pass.” This line of poetry, associated with sociologist Charles Cooley, indicates that our sense of self originates in

A the first stage of sexual development.

B interactions with other people.

C genetics.

D basic biological drives.

Question #19

Socialization is the

A process by which individuals come to know one another.

B interaction among the cultures of different societies.

C fact that human nature is essentially self-centered and must be unlearned.

D lifelong process by which people learn the norms, values, and beliefs of their culture.

Question #20

Campbell Soup Company launched an ad campaign in 2000 that showed prepubescent boys offering soup to prepubescent girls. The girls declined because they were concerned about their calorie intake. The boys explained that “lots of Campbell’s soups are low in calories,” which made them OK for the girls to eat. The ads were pulled after parents expressed concern. Why were parents worried?

A Even if they are low in calories, soups are packed with preservatives and sodium.

B The calorie count was deceptive.

C The ads taught girls to worry about their weight.

D Soup isn’t part of a healthy diet.

Question #21

According to George Herbert Mead, what are children learning when they begin to take the perspective of a generalized other in their games?

A how to imitate behaviors and actions

B the attitudes and expectations of society as a whole

C the values and beliefs of their parents

D the behaviors associated with particular roles

Question #22

A cultural group that exists harmoniously within a larger, dominant culture is called a

A counterculture.

B cultural spin-off.

C subculture.

D subdominant culture.

Question #23

How is a counterculture different from a subculture?

A Both are distinct from mainstream culture, but only members of a subculture actively oppose important aspects of mainstream culture.

B Members of a counterculture drop out of society, whereas members of a subculture actively protest and fight to change society.

C Both are distinct from mainstream culture, but a counterculture actively opposes important aspects of the mainstream.

D Subcultures are not culturally distinct from the mainstream; they just occupy a particular geographic area.

Question #24

In 2005, the Northwestern University women’s lacrosse team won an NCAA championship and was invited to the White House to receive congratulations from the president. Controversy erupted after the team’s visit when the official photograph revealed that several team members were wearing flip-flops. Despite the outcry, the athletes took the criticism in stride by talking about it on The Today Show and auctioning the offending footwear for charity. What kind of norm did the athletes break by wearing flip-flops to the White House, given the reaction and the team’s response?

A a more

B a taboo

C a folkway

D a negative sanction

Question #25

Although many people believe that expectations for personal space are inborn, members of many cultures are accustomed to noticeably less personal space than those of others. This helps demonstrate that people’s expectations for personal space are

A the direct result of hormonal differences in the limbic system.

B usually negotiable and not all that difficult to change.

C a part of our culture and, as such, are learned rather than inborn.

D something that is inborn and more of an instinct than something learned.

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Quiz 2 Chapter 3 and 4

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