Exam 5

A  polyspermy

B  fertilization

C  trophoblast

D  polyspermal

A  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

B  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

C  It forms a blastula.

D  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

E  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

A  hypoblast

B  fertilization.

C  blastopore

D  epiblast

A    

B  develop into muscle tissue.

C  not develop if transplanted.

D  develop into connective tissue.

E  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

F  develop into epithelial tissue.

A  a slow block to polyspermy

B  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

C  a fast block to polyspermy

D  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

E  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

A  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

B  fast block polyspermy.

C  egg membrane depolarization.

D  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

E  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

A  to trigger the release of cortical granules

B  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

C  to nourish the oocyte

D  to digest the jelly coat

E  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

F  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

A  slow

B  fast

C  moderate

D  constant

A  fertilization

B  specification

C  cleavage

D  gastrulation

E  induction

A  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

B  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

C  The polar bodies bud from this region

D  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

E  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

A  to trigger the release of cortical granules

B  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

C  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

D  to digest the jelly coat

E  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

A  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

B  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

C  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

D  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

E  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

A  archenteron

B  point of sperm entry

C  blastopore

D  blastocoel

E  primitive streak

A  the cortical reaction

B  fast block to polyspermy

C  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

D  the acrosomal reaction

E  the slow block to polyspermy

A  III, V, II, IV, I

B  IV, V, I, III, II

C  V, IV, II, III, I

D  IV, III, V, I, II

E  V, III, IV, II, I

A  the fast block to polyspermy

B  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

C  the acrosomal reaction

D  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

E  the cortical reaction

A  the notochord in a mammal.

B  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

C  the archenteron in a frog.

D  neural crest cells in a mammal.

E  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

A  the blastocoel

B  heart and lungs

C  reproductive organs

D  digestive tract

E  brain and spinal cord

A  gastrulation

B  fertilization

C  cleavage

D  induction

E  specification

A  amnion

B  chorion

C  yolk sac

D  allantois

E  trophoblast

A  differentiate into the brain.

B  form the overlying ectoderm.

C  form the notochord.

D  migrate to many different regions of the body.

E  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

A  blastopore

B  acrosome

C  chromosome

D  protostome

A  preformation and cell differentiation.

B  cell division and differentiation.

C    

D  differentiation and morphogenesis.

E  preformation and morphogenesis.

F  preformation and epigenesis.

A  reptile.

B  placental mammal.

C  frog.

D  bird.

E  fish.

A  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

B  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

C  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

D  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

E  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Neural tube

B  Epidermis

C  Archenteron

D  Notochord

E  Intestinal tract

A  Notochord

B  Epidermis

C  Chorion

D  Archenteron

A  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

B  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

C  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

D  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

E  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

A  Sonic hedgehog

B  zone of polarizing activity

C  cadherins

D  HOX genes

E  apical ectodermal ridge

A  Neurulation

B  Organogenesis

C  Fertilization

D  Cleavage

E  Gastrulation

A  nucleus.

B  transport proteins.

C  cytoskeleton.

D  extracellular matrix.

A  amphibian

B  sea urchin

C  insect

D  bird

E  fish

A  preformation.

B  cell differentiation.

C  morphogenesis.

D  fertilization.

E  histogenesis.

A  polar cap fusion.

B  gastrulation.

C  fertilization.

D  autonomous specification.

E  organogenesis.

A  preformation.

B  histogenesis.

C  gastrulation

D  hypoblast

A  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

B  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

C  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

D  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

E  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  cell differentiation.

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  cell elasticity.

D  cell growth.

E  cell replication.

A  neurulation.

B  fertilization.

C  cleavage.

D  gastrulation.

E  organogenesis.

A  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

B  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

C  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

D  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

E  It maps the genes of an embryo.

A  blastopore

B  Acrosome

A  endometrium.

B  archenteron.

C  blastopore

D  trophoblast.

E  blastocoel.

A  nuclei in an egg.

B  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

C  nuclei in a zygote.

D  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

E  nuclei in an early embryo.

A  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

B  prevents gastrulation.

C  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

D  is concentrated at the animal pole.

E  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

A  the neural crest.

B  the central nervous system.

C  somites.

D  the archenteron.

E  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

A  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

B  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

C  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

D  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

E  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

A  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.

B  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.

C  Both cells will die immediately.

D  Both cells will develop abnormally.

E  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.