Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  chyle into pepsin.

B  proteins into lipids.

C  food into chyle.

D  foodstuffs into bile.

E  a bolus into chyme.

A  b, d, c, a, f, e

B  f, c, d, e, a, b

C  e, b, a, c, d, f

D  b, a, c, d, f, e

E  e, b, d, c, a, f

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

B  secretin; stomach to increase motility

C  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

D  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

E  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

A  starch within the stomach.

B  peptides within the small intestine.

C  amino acids within the stomach.

D  disaccharides within the duodenum.

E  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

A  mechanoreceptors.

B  chemoreceptors.

C  omental neurons

D  osmodetectors.

E  bilireceptors.

A  Pancreas

B  Pharynx

C  Tongue

D  Teeth

E  Salivary glands

A  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

B  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

C  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

D  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

E  in the peritoneal cavity.

A  pharynx.

B  stomach.

C  oral cavity.

D  small intestine.

E  esophagus.

A  Coronary ligament

B  Falciform ligament

C  Hepatic ligament

D  Mesentery proper

E  Intraperitoneal ligament

A  pulp.

B  cementum.

C  calcium phosphate.

D  enamel.

E  dentin.

A  fossae

B  fauces

C  glossus

D  choana

E  conchae

A  muscularis interna.

B  mucosa.

C  adventitia.

D  serosa.

E  submucosa.

A  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

B  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

C  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

D  Esophageal reflux

E  Salivary amylase activity

A  organ of mastication.

B  diffuse ingestive structure.

C  alimentary canal organ.

D  accessory digestive organ.

E  chemically digesting organ.

A  peristalsis.

B  mucus secretion.

C  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

D  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

E  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

A  papillae.

B  cilia.

C  glossal spines.

D  tonsils.

E  rugae.

A  Bile

B  Pancreatic amylase

C  Gastrin

D  Hydrochloric acid

A  Rectal peritoneum

B  Visceral peritoneum

C  Muscularis mucosa

D  Parietal peritoneum

E  Omental layer

A  high.

B  low.

A  Villi

B  Goblet cells

C  Intestinal glands

D  Lymphatic nodules

E  Simple columnar epithelium

A  Cystic duct

B  Pancreatic duct

C  Hepatic duct

D  Common bile duct

E  Hepatopancreatic duct

A  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

B  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

C  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

D  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

A  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

B  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

C  increase surface area in the small intestine.

D  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

E  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

A  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

B  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

C  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

D  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

A  Trachea

B  Alveolar ducts

C  Esophagus

D  Bronchioles

E  Pharynx

A  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

B  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

C  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

D  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

A  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

B  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

C  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

D  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

E  expands the rib cage.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has a cardiac impression.

B  It has an esophageal depression.

C  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

D  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

E  It has a cardiac notch.

A  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

B  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

A  Between the esophagus and the trachea

B  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

C  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

D  Superior to the larynx

E  Between the larynx and the pharynx

A  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

B  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

C  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

D  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

E  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  flexibility; anterior

B  rigidity; anterior

C  rigidity; posterior

D  flexibility; posterior

A  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

B  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

C  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

D  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

A  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

B  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

C  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

D  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

E  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

A  Dorsal respiratory group

B  Pontine respiratory center

C  Phrenic nucleus

D  Ventral respiratory group

A  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

B  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

C  calcium and carbon dioxide.

D  iron and albumin.

A  b, a, d, c

B  d, c, b, a

C  c, a, d, b

D  a, c, d, b

E  b, d, c, a

A  The systemic cells

B  The alveoli of the lungs

C  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

A  enteric

B  autonomic

C  somatic

A  Nasal cavity

B  Trachea

C  Bronchi

D  Larynx

E  Alveoli

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

B  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

C  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

D  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

E  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

A  Respiratory bronchioles

B  Pulmonary alveoli

C  Alveolar ducts

D  Terminal bronchioles

E  Alveolar sacs

A  directly; directly

B  inversely; inversely

C  inversely; directly

D  directly; inversely

A  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

B  The internal epithelium

C  The surrounding muscles

D  The internal air pressure within the trachea

A  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.