Module 1 Exam

A  selective survival

B  attrition

C  cohort effect

D  selective sampling

A  gender effect

B  cohort effect

C  age effect

D  time of measurement effect

A  independent; dependent

B  correlational; quasi-experimental

C  dependent; independent

D  quasi-experimental; correlational

A  quasi-experimental research

B  cross-sectional research

C  longitudinal research

D  ethnographic research

A  experiment

B  quasi-experiment

C  theory

D  correlation

A  a longitudinal design

B  a quasi-experimental design

C  a semi-reliable design

D  a cross-sectional design

A  Reliability; validity

B  Standardization; variance from the mean

C  Validity; reliability

D  Variance from the mean; standardization

A  internally measured; externally measured

B  non-numerical; numerical

C  reliable; valid

D  informed consent; debriefing

A  Subjects are told what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation.

B  Personal information will not be shared with anyone outside the immediate research group and any results from the research will not identify any of the participants by name.

C  Subjects must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for any deception that may have been part of the study.

D  They are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines.

A  Subjects are told what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation.

B  They are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines.

C  Personal information will not be shared with anyone outside the immediate research group and any results from the research will not identify any of the participants by name.

D  Subjects must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for any deception that may have been part of the study.

A  Personal information will not be shared with anyone outside the immediate research group and any results from the research will not identify any of the participants by name.

B  Subjects are told what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation.

C  They are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines.

D  Subjects must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for any deception that may have been part of the study.

A  Confidentiality; reliability

B  Debriefing; informed consent

C  Informed consent; debriefing

D  Reliability; confidentiality

A  University Research Sponsorship Department

B  Institutional Review Board

C  Department of Research

D  Ethical Standard Board

A  reliability

B  standardization

C  generalizability

D  validity

A  theory

B  hypothesis

C  variable

D  population

A  a group of people who participate in a research study

B  the way the study is conducted and the data are collected

C  a framework that presents a set of interconnected ideas in an original way and inspires further research

D  a statement indicating that participation in the study is voluntary, and that persons may withdraw from participation in the study at any time

A  identify a question to be investigated; form a hypothesis; choose a research method and a research design; collect data to test the hypothesis; and draw conclusions that lead to new questions and hypotheses

B  generate a conclusion; isolate variables; determine how variables are related to the conclusion; conduct the research study; and published the findings

C  observe the environment; generate a theory of the phenomenon to be studied; generate possible hypotheses; systematically vary variables; and conduct an experiment

D  collect data to test a theory; manipulate variables within a laboratory setting; conduct a statistical analysis of the data; synthesize the results; and publish the findings

A  selecting a research method and a research design

B  forming a hypothesis

C  collecting data

D  identifying a question of scientific interest

A  culture is damaging and can be devastating to a young child’s development

B  cultural beliefs are the basis for many other conditions of children’s development

C  culture should be factored out to determine what really influences development

D  nearly everyone lives in a very similar culture

A  mesosystem

B  chronosystem

C  exosystem

D  macrosystem

A  exosystem

B  chronosystem

C  mesosystem

D  macrosystem

A  time and historical change

B  schools, religious institutions, and the media

C  cultural beliefs and values, and economic and governmental systems

D  parents, siblings, peers and friends, and teachers

A  macrosystem

B  exosystem

C  mesosystem

D  microsystem

A  microsystem

B  macrosystem

C  exosystem

D  mesosystem

A  Freud

B  Bronfenbrenner

C  Erikson

D  Piaget

A  fixation

B  sensitivity

C  critical period

D  crisis

A  personality was set at birth, while Freud thought that it was completed by age 6

B  biological factors were more important in terms of development, and Freud believed that culture was more important

C  sexuality was even more important than Freud did

D  development continued throughout the lifespan, and Freud believed that only the early years were important

A  conscious, collective unconscious, subcortical unconscious

B  id, ego, superego

C  the self, the shadow, the anima

D  real self, fear self, future self

A  psychosexual

B  psychobiological

C  psychocognitive

D  psychosocial

A  humanistic psychology

B  psychoanalysis

C  psychosocial moratorium

D  behavioral therapy

A  high-SES; low-SES; high-SES mothers are not likely to consume fluoride in their drinking water

B  middle-SES; low-SES; middle-SES mothers are more likely to live in rural parts of the country

C  middle-SES; high-SES; middle-SES fathers are more likely to be absent from the family

D  low-SES; high-SES; low-SES mothers are less likely to receive prenatal care

A  high; low

B  moderate; low

C  low; high

D  high; moderate

A  tax bracket status

B  social class status

C  education status

D  socioeconomic status

A  ethnic populace

B  subcultural groups

C  minority culture

D  majority culture

A  agrarian cultures

B  traditional cultures

C  conventional cultures

D  rural cultures

A  about half of the middle class

B  the wealthy elite

C  most of the population

D  about one fourth of the middle class

A  30%

B  70%

C  90%

D  50%

A  40%

B  60%

C  80%

D  20%

A  20%

B  60%

C  40%

D  80%

A  collective culture

B  individualistic culture

C  developed country

D  developing country

A  Germany

B  Japan

C  Canada

D  the United States

A  37%, 63%

B  18%, 82%

C  47%, 57%

D  27%, 73%

A  Developed countries

B  Developing countries

C  Individualistic cultures

D  Collective cultures

A  impoverished countries

B  developing countries

C  developed countries

D  population-rich countries

A  increase more than developing countries

B  remain stable in population

C  increase slowly

D  decrease

A  South American countries

B  developed countries

C  emerging countries

D  developing countries

A  women on fertility drugs

B  conceptions per woman

C  births per woman

D  fetuses that were spontaneously aborted

A  social networks

B  globalization

C  small world syndrome

D  the Internet

A  their genetic lineage

B  their culture

C  the expression of their phenotype

D  the strength of their id

A  evolution

B  growth

C  development

D  change