Examination 2

A  structural mobility.

B  status consistency.

C  social control.

D  class warfare.

E  upward mobility.

A  A college campus with students who are very competitive.

B  A city with a large minority population.

C  A neighborhood with mostly elderly people.

D  A community where neighbors don’t know each other very well.True

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

B  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

C  dysfunctional in most societies.

D  a published list of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.

A  bureaucracy.

B  groupthink.

C  conformity.

D  instrumental leadership.

A  A hate crime is based on the victim’s son’s race, religion, or other characteristics.

B  A hate crime never involves physical violence to the victim..

C  A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not.

D  A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not.

A  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

B  a violation of established norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law

C  social rewards for the violation of norms.

D  the act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

A  a social network.

B  social capital.

C  a bureaucracy.

D  a voluntary organization.

A  Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

B  Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

C  Ed being given a “Teacher of the Year” award for her work as a high school English teacher.

D  Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS.

A  18 to 64 years old.

B  children under 18 years old.

C  65 years old or older.

D  single mothers.

A  an individual moves down the social class ladder.

B  a member of a family belongs to a different social class than his/her/xir siblings.

C  an individual moves up the social class ladder.

D  a large group moves up or down due to societal change.

A  when a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others.

B  when negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek better behavioral choices.

C  when positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society’s expectations.

D  when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

A  usually causes more economic damage.

B  is more likely to be violent.

C  is committed by higher-status people.

D  involves more people.

E  usually is more sophisticated.

A  retreatist.

B  rebel.

C  innovator.

D  conformist.

E  ritualist.

A  Differential association.

B  Symbolic interactionist.

C  Functionalist.

D  Conflict.

A  popular consumption.

B  conspicuous consumption.

C  credit card populism.

D  designer consumerism.

A  that Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.

B  that economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States.

C  that the more society values a particular profession, the more money the people in that profession will make.

D  that people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself.

A  not determined solely by economics but influenced also by social and political actors.

B  determined almost entirely by religious factors.

C  defined correctly according to Karl Marx.

D  influenced almost solely by economic factors.

A  conflict perspective.

B  evolutionary perspective.

C  anomic perspective.

D  interactionist perspective.

E  functionalist perspective.

A  a person’s social location based on all three dimensions of the stratification system.

B  the movement of people from one social position to another in the stratification system.

C  the movement to a higher position in the stratification hierarchy in contrast to the  position of one’s parents.

D  the ranking of people into a hierarchy in which resources considered valuable are unequally distributed.

A  modern societies only.

B  formal organizations only.

C  caste-based societies only.

D  societies of moderate size only.

E  all societies.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Conflict theory.

B  Differential association theory.

C  Labeling theory.

D  Strain theory.

E  Control theory.

A  a crime syndicate.

B  none of these.

C  a subculture.

D  a secondary group.

E  a “hipster” culture.

A  reference group

B  primary group

C  out-group

D  instrumental leaders

A  social network

B  in-group

C  secondary group

D  primary group

A  secondary group

B  in-group.

C  reference group.

D  out-group

A  the country’s increasing dependence on fast food for daily meals.

B  the increaing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths all over the world.

C  the obesity epidemic that’s rapidly sweeping the United States.

D  the increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions

A  rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.

B  is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

C  promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported

D  plays a musical instrument.

E  relies on degradation ceremonies.

A  Clear division of labor .

B  Personality-based promotion.

C  Impersonality.

D  Explicit rules .

A  aggregate

B  reference group

C  dyad

D  in-group

E  out-group

A  the idea that successful socialization occurs only in two-parent families

B  the belief that ideas about sex and gender roles are innate—we are born with them.

C  an emphasis on nature, rather than nurture

D  the idea that development/socialization occurs in a sequence of stages

A  the looking-glass self

B  morality of care

C  generalized other

D  morality of justice

E  agents of socialization

A  morality of care

B  generalized other

C  code of the west

D  morality of justice

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Knowing locker room etiquette.

B  Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent

C  Learning to read and write.

D  Following a schedule.

A  Blood type.

B  Gender.

C  Social class.

D  Race/ethnicity.

A  Freud’s theory of self-development.

B  Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

C  Nature vs. Nurture.

D  George Herbert Mead’s theory of self-development.

A  Encouraging Vicki to wear pants to school.

B  Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.

C  Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

D  Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey”.

A  a degradation ceremony

B  impression management.

C    

D  an entry test that must be passed

E  a counterculture.

F  class consciousness

A  they protect adolescents from peer pressure

B  they provide the only major socialization experience outside the realm of their families

C  their influence is higher in importance than the influence of parents

D  they help young individuals develop a sense of identity separate from their parents

A  the looking-glass self

B  the hidden curriculum

C  the sociological imagination

D  moral reasoning

E  anticipatory socialization