Chapter 6 Quiz

A  serving as antibodies

B  regulating gene expression

C  maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

D  maintaining acid-base balance

E  providing an unlimited supply of energy

A  I, III, IV, and V

B  I and V only

C  I, II, IV, and V

D  I, III, and IV only

A  Yes; But, one should also do plenty of exercise to promote muscle regain.

B  No; Extra carbohydrate and fat, but not extra protein, are needed for recovery from illness.

C  No; Whole protein is better handled by the digestive system and will promote muscle mass gain better than amino acid supplements.

D  Yes; Amino acid supplements are an excellent way to quickly provide energy to muscles for rebuilding.

E  Yes; Taking amino acid supplements helps keep the digestive system from overworking while you recover from illness.

A  a lacto-ovo vegetarian

B  an omnivore

C  a vegan

D  a pregnant woman

E  a carnivore

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Gluten-free weight-loss diets offer no advantages over other low-calorie diets.

B  She should be successful because it is an excellent way to lose weight.

C  The gluten-free diet will help relieve any digestive symptoms she may have.

D  Gluten-free diets are useful because they also help prevent cancer.

E  Even if she does not have celiac disease, she will benefit from removing gluten from her diet.

A  crop rotation

B  fertilizer

C  genetic modification

D  UV light

E  bacteria

A  RNA

B  DNA

A  It provides more saturated fat.

B  It promotes a leaner body type.

C  It provides more antioxidant nutrients and fiber.

D  It provides more phytochemicals.

E  It reduces the risk of cancer.

A  black beans

B  pasta

C  peanuts

D  peppers

E  eggs

A  It is converted into the hormone insulin.

B  It is used to make the vitamin niacin.

C  It is used to make the neurotransmitter serotonin.

D  It is used to make the brown pigment melanin.

E  It is a precursor of vitamin C.

A  Larger peptide molecules must be completely broken down into amino acids to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestine.

B  Proteins are broken down into individual amino acids and absorbed by all intestinal cells at an equal rate.

C  Amino acids need a carrier in the bloodstream because they do not transport very well alone.

D  Cells in the small intestine possess different sites for absorbing different types of amino acids, which causes competition among amino acids at the absorption sites.

E  Protein digestion and absorption require some form of carbohydrate.

A  use of amino acids that have been conserved from the breakdown of old cells

B  annual replacement of old cells with new protein that has entered the body in food

C  loss of amino acids by excretion through the kidneys when cells die

D  conversion of half the protein we eat to glucose for energy

E  excretion of intracellular working proteins as old cells wear out

A  eggs

B  kidney beans

C  almonds

D  flaxseeds

E  margarine

A  increased nutrient absorption from the digestive tract

B  a weakened immune system

C  slow growth in children

D  impaired brain and kidney function

E  negative nitrogen balance

A  blood stream

B  mouth

C  small intestines

D  stomach

A  collagen

B  glycogen

C  antibodies

D  insulin

A  radiation

B  heat

C  stomach

D  mercury

E  freezing

A  acid group

B  side chain

C  backbone

D  amino group

E  carbon bond

A  B12

B  phytochemicals

C  vitamin C

D  zinc

E  Iron