Exam 2

A  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

B  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

C  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

D  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

A  risk-taking behavior

B  care of young

C  violence against competitors for female access

D  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

A  the development of males only

B  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

C  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

D  the development of alliances between females only

A  chimpanzee

B  gorilla

C  loris

D  colobus monkey

A  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

B  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

C  bipedality in humans

D  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

A  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

B  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

C  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

D  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

A  diastema

B  two-ridge tooth

C  tooth/dental comb

D  bilophodont

A  are made strictly of muscle

B  present in catarrhine primates

C  present only in some platyrrhines

D  are found in all primates with tails

A  lemurs and lorises

B  African and Asian apes

C  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

D  monkeys, apes and humans

A  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

B  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

C  their color vision

D  all of the above

A  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

B  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

C  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

D  give birth to twins regularly

A  opposable thumbs

B  short digits

C  increased reliance of sense of smell

D  large body build

A  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

B  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

C  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

D  a species of hylobatid from Asia

A  tamarins

B  baboons

C  gibbons

D  lemurs

A  pongidae and hominidae

B  platyrrhine and catarrhine

C  strepsirhini and haplorhini

D  tarsiers and anthropoids

A  South America

B  Africa

C  Australia

D  Europe

A  a lack of vitamin D

B  severe air pollution

C  high UV exposure

D  a lack of melanin

A  skin cancer

B  hypoxia

C  rickets

D  hypothermia

A  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

B  consume more carbohydrates

C  short limbs and large bodies

D  have lower BMR

A  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

B  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

C  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

D  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

A  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

B  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

C  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

D  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

A  acclimatization at the individual level

B  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

C  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

D  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

A  Wolff’s Law

B  senescence

C  osteoporosis

D  adult stage

A  heavy exercise like running and swimming

B  drugs, alcohol and smoking

C  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

D  lack of exercise

A  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

B  help with biological profiling

C  do not exist in humans

D  are race specific

A  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

B  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

C  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

D  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

A  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

B  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

C  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

D  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

B  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

C  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

D  affects only males

A  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

B  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

C  the condition affects billions of people today

D  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

A  genetic drift

B  a small and relatively isolated population

C  all of these

D  founder effect

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  increasing global temperatures

B  increasing UVb radiation

C  the continued presence of malaria

D  emigration of West African peoples 

A  SS

B  AA

C  AAS

D  AS

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift

B  Inheritance of population over generations