Week 10 Step 4 Recall Noba Module 10 to 11

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Question #1

______refers to the early emerging differences in emotional reactions and self-control that are seen in children; even early in infancy.

A Goodness of fit

B Temperament

C Socialization

D Attachment

E Personality

Question #2

Gabriel likes to read and look at websites about the solar system. His father encourages him to go play sports, hoping that Gabriel will come to enjoy these activities. Which of the following best describe this scenario?

A Gabriel is going to parent his own children in the same manner.

B Gabriel will ultimately convince his father to take up reading and science.

C Gabriel’s father will have a large impact on his long-term interests and abilities.

D Gabriel will likely have a problematic relationship with his father later in life.

E Gabriel’s temperament and his father’s parenting practices are a poor goodness-of-fit.

Question #3

The cognitive, emotional, and social influences that cause children to create and act consistently with internal standards of conduct – right and wrong– is called ______.

A temperament

B conscience

C conformity

D judgement

E compliance

Question #4

The ______model describes how financial difficulties are associated with parents’ depressed moods, which can cause problems with their children’s adjustment.

A family stress

B neo-associationist

C nature versus nurture

D diathesis stress

E attachment deficit

Question #5

Adah and her mom are playing on the swing set at the park. A man walks up to them. When Adah sees her mother smile and speak warmly to the man, Adah relaxes. Adah has used ______to evaluate this individual.

A social referencing

B ambiguity contexting

C cultural relativity

D stranger danger

E operant conditioning

Question #6

Which of the following children is demonstrating a developing theory of mind?

A Nahshid just got a hit in his little league baseball game – his very first hit – and he is proud of himself.

B Kendrick is angry that his ball fell out of his crib and he begins to cry about it.

C Talib remembers his favorite blanket even though he cannot see it.

D Yasiin does not want to go to sleep and he argues that his older sister does not yet have to sleep.

E Pharrell is trying to figure out what his baby sister, Lilah, wants and why she is crying.

Question #7

13-year old Sevan’s parents are going through a divorce. They are not openly hostile to each other and are trying to handle this life change in a civil and pleasant manner. According to the research, which of the following is most likely for Sevan?

A Sevan can expect to have long-term relationship problems with men

B She will not have long-term problems with her adjustment

C She is going to experience both short- and long-term adjustment problems

D Because she is a girl, Sevan is likely to have a better relationship with her mother than her father

E Because she is a girl, Sevan is likely to have a better relationship with her father than her mother

Question #8

If people, on average, are more likely to remember female rather than male nurses this would be because:

A the fundamental attribution error

B gender prejudices

C there are no male nurses

D the nursing bias

E females conform to common gender schemas of nurses

Question #9

Which laboratory procedure, designed to assess attachment styles in children, involves exposing a child to separation from their caregiver followed by a reunification?

A the Bobo Doll experiment

B the Asch judgement analogue

C the Milgram paradigm

D the Visual Cliff

E the Strange Situation

Question #10

In order to understand social and personality development in children, it is necessary to examine them from three different perspectives. They are the child’s:

A genetics, emotions, behavior.

B the id, ego and super ego.

C social context, biological maturation, and developing sense of self.

D behavior when alone, at school, and with family members.

E psychoanalytic, humanistic and behavioral paradigms.

Question #11

Owen is writing a paper about how the attitudes, values, and beliefs of culture influence development in children. What would be the best title for his essay?

A “Child development according to Lev Vygotsky”

B “Piagetian stages of development, from birth through adulthood”

C “Examining Kohlberg’s theory of cultural relativity”

D “The psychosexual stages according to Sigmund Freud”

E “The information-processing approach to development”

Question #12

Davina has made great strides in her understanding of her science classes. Being able to reason more like an adult, Davina is in which of Piaget’s developmental stages?

A preconventional reasoning

B the DABDA stage

C the trust vs. mistrust stage

D the latency stage

E formal operational reasoning

Question #13

Armand is a child who has difficulties with his ______. His vision is impaired in such a way that he cannot tell how far away objects are. This has led to difficulties in certain sports.

A trichromacy

B depth perception

C auditory localization

D olfactory plasticity

E gestalt perception

Question #14

If you were taking part in a debate with another psychologist over the relative influences of nature and nurture on development, which position do you think you’d be most likely to take if you wanted to win the debate?

A Research has consistently shown that we are ultimately determined by our genes, irrespective of influence of one’s surroundings.

B Both nature and nurture take a back seat to the influence of technology in today’s world, so that is really the influence we should examine.

C Nature and nurture interact to determine virtually every aspect of development.

D Genes can, in every case, be muted or enhanced by the influences of one’s environment. Therefore nurture is most important.

E Because it is impossible to determine the different levels of influence of nature and nurture, the debate was abandoned in psychology decades ago.

Question #15

During which stage of Piaget’s model of cognitive development are children believed to begin to become more capable of symbolic thinking?

A the concrete operational reasoning stage

B the preoperational reasoning stage

C the sensorimotor stage

D the postformal operational reasoning stage

E the formal operational reasoning stage

Question #16

With regard to the validity of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which criticism would be the most accurate?

A Piaget’s comparison of the human mind to a computer was not supported by research.

B Piaget gave too much importance to cultural influences on cognitive development.

C Children’s cognitive development seems to be more continuous than Piaget proposed.

D Piaget’s research was only appropriate for the cognitive development of girls.

E Children do not master new cognitive skills nearly as early (young) as Piaget proposed.

Question #17

Nature refers to biological endowment, including the genes a person receives from his or her parents, while ______refers to the environmental influences that impact a person’s development.

A nurture

B phenotype

C maturation

D growth

E genotype

Question #18

The awareness of the component sounds that are used to make up a word–such as knowing that the word “rain” is made up of the r, ay, and nn sounds–is called ______.

A phonemic awareness

B bilingualism

C the linguistic relativity effect

D linguistic centration

E whole-word processing

Question #19

Amalia knows how to climb stairs but only when there are no other people around. Therefore, her physical therapist, Brittany, is teaching her to climb stairs in a crowded stairwell. First, Brittany works with Amalia to climb the stairs independently with visual distractions in the stairwell. Once she’s mastered that, Amalia works on climbing the stairs independently with one other person in the stairwell. Finally, Amalia practices climbing the stairs with many other people in the stairwell. Brittany is using which strategy to help Amalia reach her stair-climbing goal?

A sociocultural practice

B zone of proximal development

C scaffolding

D social knowledge construction

Question #20

According to the research of Langlois and colleagues (1995) and van den Boom & Hoeksma (1994), infants who are ______tend to get more affectionate care from their parents. This has been found to contribute to their later cognitive development.

A easygoing and attractive

B born premature or ‘very premature’

C female

D the result of an unintentional pregnancy

E smaller in size

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Week 10 Step 4 Recall Noba Module 10 to 11

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