Module 7 Quiz

A  1,25(OH2) Vitamin D3

B  Antidiuretic hormone

C  Growth hormone

D  Erythropoietin

A  Urine creatinine level

B  Random urine output volume

C  Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

D  Serum creatinine level

A  bladder.

B  nephron.

C  glomerulus.

D  lobule.

A  Decreased iron absorption

B  Decreased erythropoietin synthesis

C  Bone loss from decreased 1,25(OH2) vitamin D3 synthesis

D  Folate deficiency

A  kidney; brain

B  adrenal gland; brain

C  adrenal gland; kidney

D  kidney; adrenal gland

A  Serum and urine protein

B  Serum sodium and potassium, and arterial blood pH

C  Serum creatinine, serum urea, serum uric acid, and creatinine clearance

D  Serum renin and erythropoietin

A  degraded by circulating proteases to form the final form of BNP.

B  an isoenzyme that migrates separately from BNP on an electrophoresis.

C  the N-terminal fragment of proBNP.

D  the C-terminal portion of the prepro-hormone natriuretic peptide (BNP).

A  HPLC.

B  immunoassay.

C  nephelometry.

D  serum electrophoresis.

A  CK-2 (CKMB)

B  Myoglobin

C  Troponin

D  Total CK

A  Myoglobin

B  CK-2 (CK-MB)

C  hs-CRP

D  Troponins

A  congestive heart failure.

B  acute myocardial infarction.

C  angina.

D  thrombolysis.

A  Cardiac troponin C

B  Cardiac troponin T

C  Cardiac troponin I

D  Ternary complex of T-I-C

A  Cellular involvement and clot formation

B  Increased concentration of circulating coagulation factors

C  Damage to the endothelium of cardiac blood vessels

D  Release of tissue factor leading to coagulability

A  this indicates increased attachment of glucose to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that contribute to the microvascular complications of diabetes.

B  UAE increase indicates increased glycation of serum albumin that forms fructosamine and leads to ketoacidosis.

C  it assesses the long-term blood glucose concentration in a diabetic to monitor glucose control over an 8- to 12-week period.

D  increased UAE is highly predictive of and is thought to precede diabetic nephropathy and end-stage renal disease.

A  a long-lived glycated albumin molecule found in the urine of a type 2 diabetic and measured by the laboratory in the acute management of a diabetic.

B  increased urinary albumin excretion between the range of 20–200 µg/min that is measured by the laboratory in the chronic management of diabetes mellitus.

C  a large albumin molecule that is present only in urine and that is measured by the lab in preclinical screening for diabetes.

D  an albumin molecule that is larger and less functional because of the effects of hyperglycemia that is measured by the laboratory in the clinical diagnosis of diabetes.

A  absolute deficiency of insulin.

B  genetic factors.

C  insulin resistance.

D  autoimmune reaction.

A  is also referred to as gestational diabetes.

B  is associated with resistance to the action of insulin.

C  is often initially observed in an individual with ketoacidosis.

D  occurs less frequently than type 1 diabetes.

A  hyperglycemia.

B  hyperlipidemia.

C  hyperinsulinemia.

D  decreased blood pH with increased ketone bodies.

A  The value must be ≥500 mg/dL glucose.

B  The value must be ≥200 mg/dL glucose.

C  The value must remain within healthy glucose reference interval.

D  The value must be ≥140 mg/dL glucose.

A  Consistent hyperglycemia after a 72-hour fast

B  Demonstration of elevated hemoglobin A1c

C  Demonstration of impaired glucose tolerance in the OGTT

D  Presence of ketones in urine on more than one occasion