Navigation » List of Schools » East Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 001 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Summer 2021 » Exam 4 Chapter 13 and 14
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A None of these, flow rate is unchanged during an asthma attack.
B ΔP is increased.
C R is decreased.
D R is increased.
E ΔP is decreased.
Question #2
A Water is actively reabsorbed from the proximal tubule, and Na+ follows down its diffusion gradient.
B Vasopressin inserts pumps in the collecting duct membrane that move water against its concentration gradient.
C Water is filtered out of glomerular capillaries by bulk flow.
D The permeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is modified by vasopressin.
E Water is actively secreted into the descending loop of Henle.
Question #3
A Sodium
B Plasma protein
C Urea
D Bicarbonate ion
E Glucose
Question #4
A Alveolar PO2 decreases.
B Alveolar PO2 increases.
C No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.
Question #5
A Glucose
B H+
C Ca2+
D K+
E HPO42-
Question #6
A Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of ischemic hypoxia.
B Cyanide poisoning is an example of hypoxic hypoxia.
C “Anemic hypoxia” refers to the condition of lower than normal arterial PO2.
D Exposure to high altitude is a form of hypoxic hypoxia.
E Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of hypoxic hypoxia.
Question #7
A Increased [H+], increased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
B Increased [H+], increased PCO2, and increased [HCO3-]
C Increased [H+], decreased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
D Decreased [H+], decreased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
E Decreased [H+], increased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
Question #8
A Increased metabolism of glutamine by renal tubular cells increases the plasma bicarbonate concentration.
B When hypoventilation occurs at the lungs, the kidneys compensate by reducing glutamine metabolism.
C Excretion in the urine of hydrogen bound to phosphate buffers decreases plasma bicarbonate concentration.
D The kidneys compensate for a metabolic alkalosis by increasing CO2 production.
E H+ that binds to filtered bicarbonate in the tubular fluid is excreted in the urine.
Question #9
A metabolic alkalosis.
B respiratory acidosis.
C metabolic acidosis.
D respiratory alkalosis.
Question #10
A In the tissues, chloride exits red blood cells in exchange for carbonic acid.
B In the tissues, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.
C In the lungs, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
D In the lungs, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.
E In the tissues, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
Question #11
A By decreasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, increasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
B By increasing renal secretion of parathyroid hormone and increasing bone resorption
C By increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, increasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
D By increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, decreasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
E Increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation and increasing secretion of parathyroid hormone
Question #12
A None of these would occur.
B They would be at risk of alveolar collapse due to too much surface tension in the alveoli.
C They would be at risk of bacterial infections in the lungs.
D They would be more likely to have coughing fits.
E They would be at risk of autoimmune diseases with lung complications.
Question #13
A The efferent arteriole
B The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
C The proximal tubule
D The juxtaglomerular apparatus
E The glomerular capillaries
Question #14
A Elevation of intrapleural pressure to equal atmospheric pressure
B Environmental chemicals that stimulate β2-adrenergic receptors
C Inflammation of the bronchioles
D Lack of pulmonary surfactant
E Loss of alveoli
Question #15
A It alternates between being less than, and greater than, atmospheric pressure.
B It is always the same as atmospheric pressure during a passive exhale.
C It is between +5 and +10 mmHg above atmospheric pressure at functional residual capacity.
D It is lower than alveolar pressure.
E During a passive exhale, it increases to a value above atmospheric pressure.
Question #16
A The diaphragm relaxes.
B Intrapleural pressure becomes less negative.
C Lung volume decreases.
D Alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
E Intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure.
F
Question #17
A Bound to myoglobin
B Converted to HCO3-
C Dissolved in the plasma
D Dissolved in the cytosol of erythrocytes
E Bound to hemoglobin
Question #18
A The glomerular filtration rate is limited by a transport maximum.
B The hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries opposes filtration.
C All of the plasma that enters the glomerular capillaries is filtered.
D The osmotic force due to plasma proteins favors filtration.
E The hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space opposes filtration.
Question #19
A Collecting duct
B Distal convoluted tubule
C Ascending loop of Henle
D Glomerulus
E Proximal convoluted tubule
Question #20
A The descending limb of the loop of Henle
B The proximal tubule
C The collecting ducts
D The distal convoluted tubule
E The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Question #21
A isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hypoosmotic
B isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hyperosmotic
C isosmotic; isosmotic; hyperosmotic; isosmotic
D isosmotic; isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hypoosmotic
E isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hyperosmotic; isosmotic
Question #22
A increase; decreased; vasopressin; decreased; water
B decrease; increased; renin; decreased; Na+
C decrease; increased; vasopressin; increased; water
D increase; increased; renin; increased; Na+
E decrease; decreased; vasopressin; increased; water
Question #23
A Collecting ducts
B Cortical peritubular capillaries
C Vasa recta
D Afferent arterioles
E Efferent arterioles
Question #24
A Liver
B The atria of the heart
C Kidneys
D Adrenal glands
E Systemic and pulmonary blood vessels
Question #25
A Cystic fibrosis
B Asthma
C Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
D Emphysema
E Prolonged shallow breathing
Question #26
A No change to reabsorption at this site
B Reduced reabsorption of water, Na+, and glucose in the proximal tubules
C Reduced reabsorption of water, although as much reabsorption of Na+ as is typical
D Reduced reabsorption of both water and Na+ in equal proportions
E Reduced reabsorption of all materials in the proximal tubules
Question #27
A Decreased DPG levels in erythrocytes
B Increased pH of the blood
C Decreased concentration of H+ in the blood
D The presence of carbon monoxide
E Increased temperature of the blood
Question #28
A Without insulin, the glomerular filtration barrier becomes extremely leaky to glucose, which is not normally filterable.
B Without the hormone insulin, glucose cannot enter proximal tubule epithelial cells.
C The filtered load of glucose becomes greater than the tubular maximum for its reabsorption.
D The plasma concentration of glucose becomes so high that it diffuses from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule, down its concentration gradient.
E The rate of tubular secretion of glucose becomes greater than the sum of glucose filtration and reabsorption.
Question #29
A Secretion of angiotensinogen by the liver
B Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the blood
C Secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary
D Secretion of angiotensin II by the kidney
E Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in the blood
Question #30
A Phagocytizing bacteria and other foreign particles
B Secretion of mucus
C Production of surfactant
D Lining the pleural space
E Make up the majority of the epithelial wall of the alveoli
Question #31
A Increased blood PCO2
B Metabolic acidosis
C Respiratory acidosis
D Metabolic alkalosis
E Respiratory alkalosis
Question #32
A The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the gastrocnemius compared to the biceps brachii.
B The hemoglobin molecules may denature as they pass by the gastrocnemius.
C The hemoglobin molecules will have the same affinity for oxygen at both locations.
D The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the biceps brachii compared to the gastrocnemius.
Question #33
A As H2CO3
B As carbonic anhydrase
C Bound to hemoglobin
D As dissolved CO2
E As dissolved HCO3-
Question #34
A A drug that interferes with aldosterone synthesis
B A drug that is an agonist of atrial natriuretic factor
C A drug that decreases sympathetic stimulation of renal arterioles
D A drug that enhances the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme
E A drug that decreases liver production of angiotensinogen
Question #35
A Inhalation/inspiration
B Exhalation/expiration
C Emphysema
D Pneumothorax
E A collapsed lung
Question #36
A It is a peptide hormone released from the adrenal gland.
B It triggers insertion of aquaporins into the apical membranes of collecting duct cells.
C Its main function is to trigger the secretion of aldosterone.
D It promotes the excretion of more water in the urine.
E It stimulates the excretion of K+ in the urine.
Question #37
A Descending limb of the loop of Henle
B Distal convoluted tubule
C Macula densa
D Cortical collecting duct
E Proximal tubule
Question #38
A Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.
B Aldosterone increases Na+ secretion and K+ reabsorption in the cortical collecting ducts.
C Aldosterone decreases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.
D Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the proximal tubule.
E Aldosterone increases Na+ secretion and K+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
Question #39
A At normal resting systemic venous PO2, only about 75% of the hemoglobin is in the form of deoxyhemoglobin.
B The greater the PO2 of the blood, the greater the dissociation of O2 from hemoglobin.
C At normal resting systemic arterial PO2, hemoglobin is almost 100% saturated with oxygen.
D As PO2 increases, the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen increases linearly.
E More additional oxygen binds to hemoglobin when going from a PO2 of 60 to 100 mmHg, than is added when going from a PO2 of 40 to 60 mmHg.
Question #40
A efferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries
B renal vein; peritubular capillaries
C efferent arterioles; Bowman’s capsule
D efferent arterioles; proximal convoluted tubules
E afferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries
Question #41
A HPO42-
B K+
C Na+
D Water
E Glucose
Question #42
A A β2-adrenergic agonist
B Pulmonary surfactant
C A β2-adrenergic antagonist
D A muscarinic agonist
E Histamine
Question #43
A reabsorbed; secreted; filtered
B filtered; secreted; reabsorbed
C reabsorbed; filtered; secreted
D filtered; reabsorbed; secreted
E secreted; reabsorbed; filtered
Question #44
A By pumping NaCl and urea into the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, it raises the solute load, which turns into a concentrated urine once water is extracted from the collecting duct.
B By concentrating NaCl in the renal medullary interstitial fluid, it allows water to be reabsorbed from the collecting ducts when vasopressin is present.
C It transports urea from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
D When anti-diuretic hormone is present, it stimulates the pumping of NaCl from the medullary interstitial fluid and water follows, concentrating the urine.
E It transports NaCl from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
Question #45
A The collecting duct
B The loop of Henle
C The proximal convoluted tubule
D The glomerulus
E The distal convoluted tubule
Question #46
A the autorhymthic cells in your diaphragm contracting.
B the increase in plasma H+.
C the decrease in O2 available to the cells of the body.
D the increase in pH has made your blood dangerously alkaline.
Question #47
A Stretch receptors in the lung
B The PO2 of the arterial blood, which is monitored by peripheral chemoreceptors
C The H+ concentration in the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
D The H+ concentration in the brain extracellular fluid, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
E The PO2 of the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
Question #48
A H2O and O2
B H+ and HCO3-
C H2O and CO
D H2O and CO2
E CO2 and O2
Question #49
A Toxic substances are removed from the body by reabsorption from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule.
B Reabsorption of glucose saturates at a maximum transport rate.
C Reabsorption of Na+ from the proximal tubule occurs as a result of water reabsorption.
D Reabsorption of Na+ only occurs from nephron regions that come after the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
E Urea reabsorption cannot occur at any point along the nephron.
Question #50
A Na+ is actively secreted into the nephron lumen by cells in the cortical collecting ducts.
B Most of the Na+ transport occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.
C Na+ is actively transported in all segments of the tubule.
D Primary active transport of Na+ allows for secondary active transport of glucose and H+ in the proximal tubule.
E Na+ is actively transported across the luminal membrane of proximal tubule cells in exchange for K+, by Na+/K+ ATPase pumps.