Midterm 1 (2)

A  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

B  determine the author’s background

C  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

D  evaluate the author’s sources

A  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

B  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

C  direct quotes requires a citation

D  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

A  dictionaries

B  human sources

C  government documents

D  encyclopedias

A  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

B  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

C  hand it in only once it is perfect

D  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

A  the thesis statement is the most important premise defending your conclusion

B  limit your thesis statement to what you will defend

C  the more clearly, precisely, and up front you state your thesis the better

D  include some detail on how you will defend your thesis

A  write a sentence that expresses your claim

B  know your audience

C  know yourself

D  choose and broaden your topic

A  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

B  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

C  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

D  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

A  it agrees with my views

B  it is well written or well spoken

C  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

D  it is a persuasive argument

A  be charitable

B  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

C  take what is unclear and make it clear

D  try to use as many words as the original argument

A  fill in missing premises or conclusions

B  write in complete sentences

C  put the conclusion first

D  number the steps of the argument

A  in appropriate appeal to authority

B  loaded question

C  false alternatives

D  appeal to ignorance

A  weak analogy

B  slippery slope

C  inconsistency

D  hasty generalization

A  scare tactics

B  bandwagon argument

C  red herring

D  straw man

A  two wrongs make a right

B  attacking the motive

C  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

D  a personal attack (ad hominem)

A  for

B  therefore

C  since

D  given that

A  thus

B  if follows that

C  consequently

D  because

A  an illustration

B  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

C  a report

D  a conditional statement

A  Anita Roddick

B  Mandala

C  Gandhi

D  Mohammed Yunus

A  Muhammed Yunus

B  Mandela

C  Gandhi

D  Anita Roddick

A  attention

B  patience

C  none of these

D  explicitness

A  attention

B  patience

C  explicitness

D  none of these

A  attention

B  explicitness

C  patience

D  none of these

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and what we eat

A  ethics and sex

B  ethics and money

C  ethics and what we eat

D  ethics and work

A  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

B  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

C  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

D  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

A  all of these

B  a problem with two sharply opposed options

C  thought to be impossible to solve

D  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

A  revisit outlying parts of the problem

B  none of these

C  ask if the problem can be prevented

D  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

A  abortion and animal research in Japan

B  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

C  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

D  homelessness in other cultures

A  exaggeration

B  full steam ahead method

C  random word method

D  reversal

A  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

B  it is essential for practical problem solving

C  it seeks to limit the possibilities

D  it seeks to reframe the problem

A  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

B  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

C  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

D  all of these are true

A  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

B  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

C  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

D  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

A  picking the side you personally like the best

B  finding the best balance between values at stake

C  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

D  trying to take into account the values on all sides

A  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

B  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

C  all of these are true

D  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

A  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

B  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

C  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

D  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

A  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

B  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

C  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

D  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

A  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

B  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

C  it is legalistic and judgmental

D  it makes the problem the problem

A  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

B  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

C  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

D  all of these are true

A  be quiet

B  like to hunt

C  not be frightened by loud noises

D  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

A  moral and legal rights of the individual

B  reduction of social pain and suffering

C  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

D  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

A  advocated by Immanuel Kant

B  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

C  advocated by Martin Buber

D  regards persons as supremely valuable

A  it is essentially social

B  it is a rational aim

C  it is short term

D  it is concerned with the well being of others

A  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

B  focuses on happiness

C  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

D  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

A  may be organized into ethical theories

B  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

C  include greed, lust, and gluttony

D  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

A  God listened to Abraham

B  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

C  Abraham bargains with God,

D  Abraham thinks for himself

A  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

B  some of the values were different then than they are now

C  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

D  the main point of the story is not clear

A  not eating bacon

B  not wearing garments made out of blended material

C  all of these

D  not eating shrimp and lobster

A  lying to hide fugitive slaves

B  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

C  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

D  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

A  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

B  rules make life simpler

C  rules replace the need to think

D  rules may conflict

A  welcome challenges

B  welcome change

C  limit your experience to what you know is true

D  pursue the facts

A  seek out challenges

B  aim to live more comfortably

C  let challenges stretch your mind

D  seek out people with whom you do not agree

A  dogmatism

B  sound ethical thinking

C  relativism

D  offhand self justification

A  offhand self-justification

B  dogmatism

C  relativism

D  sound ethical thinking

A  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

B  keeping an open mind

C  avoiding name calling

D  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

A  thinking creatively

B  thinking systematically

C  thinking constructively

D  thinking simplistically