Midterm 1

A  cosmogenous and lithogenous

B  biogenous and hydrogenous

C  lithogenous and hydrogenous

D  cosmogenous and hydrogenous

E  biogenous and lithogenous

F  biogenous and cosmogenous

A  fish and amphibians

B  land based plants

C  dinosaurs

D  microscopic organisms

A  hydrogenous

B  volcanic

C  cosmogenous

D  lithogenous

A  the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent

B  biogenous material dissolves faster than it accumulates

C  relatively few marine organisms live in the waters over the continental margins

D  very little sediment accumulates on continental margins

A  ecology

B  dilution

C  destruction

D  productivity

A  silica; quartz

B  calcium carbonate; volcanic ash

C  silica; calcium carbonate

D  basalt; granite

A  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

B  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is stable and can form sediments that last

C  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will form sediments that last

D  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

A  clays

B  diatom ooze

C  beach sand

D  volcanic particles

E  wind-driven dust

A  hydrogenous sediments

B  cosmogenous sediments

C  large particles

D  clay-sized particles

A  composition

B  fabric

C  sorting

D  texture

A  basalt volcanism

B  a central rift valley

C  thick layers of sediment

D  hydrothermal vents

A  parts of continents that broke off

B  volcanic in origin

C  formed at hot spots

D  parts of volcanic island arcs

A  submarine canyons

B  abyssal plains

C  continental shelfs

D  continental slopes

A  magnetometer

B  sonar waves

C  depth sounding

D  mapping with satellite

A  cartography

B  bathymetry

C  hydrology

D  tomography

E  navigation

A  a convergent boundary

B  a divergent boundary

C  a transform boundary

D  a hot spot

A  subduction zones

B  submarine canyons

C  transform faults

D  the mid-ocean ridge

A  mantle; crust

B  lithosphere; asthenosphere

C  lithosphere; mesosphere

D  asthenosphere; lithosphere

A  a human can walk

B  a snail crawls

C  a human can run

D  a human’s fingernail grows

A  in the middle of the plates

B  at plate boundaries

C  at the bottom of the ocean

D  on the continents

A  subduction

B  sea floor spreading

C  mass extinction of life-forms

D  a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse magnetization in ocean crustal rocks

A  divergent; continental; convergent

B  divergent; oceanic; convergent

C  convergent; oceanic; divergent

D  convergent; continental; divergent

A  observations

B  theories

C  hypotheses

D  guesses

A  theory formation

B  testing

C  observation

D  hypothesis

A  Sahara Desert

B  Pacific Ocean

C  Amazon Rainforest

D  Antarctica

A  Asthensophere

B  Ionosphere

C  Lithosphere

A  Lithosphere

B  Asthensophere

C  Ionosphere

A  Dolomite

B  Granite

C  Basalth

A  Granite

B  Iron

C  Coal

A  Granite

B  Basalth

C  Iron and Nickel

A  Outgassing

B  Radiometric dating

C  Density stratification

A  Outgassing

B  Innergassing

C  Density stratification

A  Radiometric dating

B  Outgassing

C  Density stratification

A  Granite

B  Calcium carbonate

C  Basalth

A  Asthensophere

B  Lithosphere

C  Pangea

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  200,000 years ago

C  4 billion years ago

A  4 billion years ago

B  200,000 years ago

C  4.5 billion years ago

A  4.5 billion years ago

B  2.5 billion years ago

C  200,000 years ago

A  4.5 billion years ago

B  2.5 billion years ago

C  4 billion years ago

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE