Exam 2

A  Use of modeling clay to construct an anatomical model

B  Associations of semantic memories

C  Analogous to the visuospatial sketchpad representing spatial information

D  Schemas regarding dynamic systems which vary on degree of completeness and correctness

E  Knowledge structure regarding concepts and sequence of activities

A  Utilizing knowledge-in-the-world

B  Lifting heavy memories to build up strength

C  Waiting until a memory is almost forgotten, then recalling it

D  Writing the memory down so that it becomes Knowledge in the World

E  Recalling a memory in quick succession

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Disassociations

B  Cognitive dissonance

C  Pulsing of Long-term memories

D  Alpha-numeric bias

E  Superiority of letters over numbers

A  Relies on intuition instead of practice

B  Develops from a singular event, usually visual in nature

C  Very hard to explain using words (e.g., how to tie a shoe)

D  Easy to put into words (e.g., the route you took to work)

E  Is a subtype of declarative memory

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Delayed rewards and selective attention

B  Delayed rewards and repetition during new contexts

C  Repetition during similar contexts and immediate rewards

D  Repetition during new contexts and immediate rewards

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to associations, and harder to crack due to higher character counts

B  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

C  Pass-phrases are harder to remember due to associations, and easier to crack due to higher character counts

D  Pass-phrases are easier to remember due to disassociations, and harder to crack due to dictionary attack methods

A  Utilize spaced practice

B  Ask a friend for answers

C  Re-read each chapter

D  Defer to knowledge in the universe

E  Use mass practice

A  Long-term memory

B  Negative transfer

C  Short-term memory

D  Visuospatial sketchpad

E  Phonological loop

A  STM, LTM, and ATM

B  Strength, Associations, and Endurance

C  Spaced Practice, Mass practice, and Intuition

D  Semantic, Episodic, and Procedural

E  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

A  Sensation, Perception, Central Processing

B  STM, LTM, and working memory

C  X, Y, and Z axis

D  Bandwidth, Familiarity, and Knowledge in the World

E  Larry, Curly, and Moe

A  Improved contrast ratio of warning label text

B  Use of a universal container connector

C  Use of red coloring added to the soap solution

D  More availability of safety gloves

E  Locks added to cabinets near the sink

A  Cognitive bandwidth is limitless

B  Gorillas can move very fast

C  Objects can be hidden in plane site due to selective attention

D  Change blindness occurs only when we are tired

E  Inattentioal blindness is more prevalent with visually impaired users

A  When a driver’s eyes are on the road, it doesn’t mean their mind is also on the road

B  The heads-up display requires looking down towards the instrument cluster

C  Heads-up displays are only offered in fighter jets

D  Heads-up displays cannot be used while wearing polarized sunglasses

E  Touch screen displays have superseded the need for heads-up displays

A  Expectancy and Value

B  Id and Ego

C  Short-term memory and Long-term memory

D  Salience and Effort

E  Visuospatial sketchpad and Phonological loop

A  36 6GRK

B  366 GRK

C  3G 66RK

D  366GRK

E  3G66RK

A  70 seconds

B  7 hours

C  7 days

D  70 minutes

E  7 seconds

A  +/- 2 chunks

B  7 +/- 2 chunks

C  4 chunks

D  7 +/- 2 chipmunks

E  4 chipmunks

A  Sound levels that exceed the user’s expectations

B  Use of Dramamine

C  Low quality video feeds causing eye strain

D  Mismatch between visual cues and felt motion

E  Use of headphones instead of ear-buds

A  Temperature

B  Gravity

C  Smell

D  Vesting

E  Haptics

A  Situations involving hands-free operation

B  Alerts for use in high vibration environments

C  When gloved hands are necessary

D  For tactile response personnel

E  During high visual load

A  Gloves can be made of latex, which can result in an allergic reaction

B  Gloves might reduce a user’s likelihood of using a button

C  Gloves are always optional

D  Controls can not be designed for use by a gloved hand

E  Gloves have a tendency to inhibit hand-eye-coordination

F  Gloves can reduce felt tactile feedback

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Avoiding slang vocabulary only

B  Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise only

C  Avoiding slang vocabulary, Limiting the number of messages, and Designing loudness to be at least 20 decibels over ambient noise

D  Using rhyming words

A  For musically inclined individuals

B  When there are fast moving objects requiring more saccadic eye movements

C  When omni-directional (360 degree) situational awareness is required since vision is limited to 130 degrees

D  When color vision is impaired as opposed to monochromatic vision

E  When there are high levels of ambient noise, such as busy road intersections

A  The human vestibular system is more accurate than instruments only in white out conditions

B  The human vestibular system is not tuned for un-natural environments resulting in false sensations

C  The human vestibular system has been shown to be more accurate than aircraft instruments

D  The human vestibular system picks up haptic cues from the flight controls

E  The human vestibular system is dominant over vision during clear skies

A  30 decibels louder, since this level guarantees detection

B  10 decibels louder, since the sound scale is logarithmic

C  3 decibels louder, since this level represents double the acoustic energy

D  3 decibels louder, since this level represents the JND (just noticeable difference)

E  10 decibels louder, since this level represents double the perceived loudness

A  The dB(A) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

B  The dB(B) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

C  The dB(C) weighting scale, since it approximates human hearing sensitivities

D  The Hz weighting scale, since it measures cycles per second

E  The audiogram scale, since it replicates spatial tones

A  Macular degeneration

B  Both high and low frequency sensitivity increase with age

C  Low frequencies tend to be lost as we age

D  Presbyopia

E  High frequencies tend to be lost as we age

A  Sub-sonic frequencies

B  20 kilowatts

C  2,000 to 5,000 Hz

D  20 to 20,000 Hz

E  Ultra-sonic frequencies

A  Test taker performance has shown to be better using green ink

B  There has been no research conducted on the effects of color and test performance

C  Color has no impact on test taker performance

D  Test taker performance has shown to be better using red ink

A  Exposure to varying colors of light color has no relationship with circadian rhythms

B  Avoid redundant color cues at night

C  Use infrared light to keep surfaces warm

D  Maximize use of ultraviolet light at night

E  Minimize use of blue light at night

A  0 to 1

B  4.5 to 1

C  3.0 to 1

D  10 to 1

E  7.0 to 1

F  1 to 1

A  0.7 lux

B  0.7 degrees

C  0.7 feet

D  0.7 inches

E  0.7 millimeters

F  Bond rule does not allow you to compute letter height

A  Use more closely spaced stripes as the biker approaches the hazard

B  Use stripes that vary in shape to allow them to be more readily detected

C  Use different colors to indicate the presence of a hazard ahead

D  Use fiber optics instead of traditional paint to improve saliency

E  Use Zebra stripes to conceal outlines during motion

A  Color improves the user experience

B  Color is reserved for graphic designers

C  Color is always better than grayscale

D  Color should never be the only design cue

E  Color is critical for scotopic vision

A  Green light since it is associated with moving forward

B  Green light since it allows for detection for a larger variety of shades

C  Red light since it causes less interference to dark adaptation

D  Red light since it is most visually salient

E  It does not matter since Human Factors does not consider the effects of lighting  

A  0.01 lux

B  1 lux

C  All lux levels

D  0.1 lux

E  10 lux

F  100 lux

A  3

B  30

C  10

D  5

E  1

A  Contains 3 types of rod cells (red/green/blue)

B  Operates on very low light levels

C  Responsible for sensing ultrasonic frequencies

D  Responsible for color vision

E  Responsible for proprioception

A  Objects appear smaller due to bottom-up bias

B  Visual acuity decreases closer to the fovea

C  Objects appear larger due to top-down bias

D  Visual acuity remains unchanged, only color perception is affected

E  Visual acuity increases closer to the fovea

A  There tends to be no difference between vision of younger and older individuals

B  Younger individuals have more practice looking at nearby objects due to technology exposure

C  Older individuals tend to have presbyopia, reducing the ability to focus on objects closer than 1 meter

D  Older individuals need to squint more often due to reduced tear production