Final Exam

A  guaranteed all women access to abortion.

B  found that laws against contraceptives were legal and ruled that the Court cannot establish a right unless it is specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

C  ruled that the Court cannot establish a right unless it is specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

D  found that laws against contraceptives were legal.

E  held that the law violated the right to privacy.

A  Lemon rights.

B  First Amendment rights.

C  Eighth Amendment rights.

D  Griswold rights.

E  Miranda rights.

A  contentless speech; not protected by the courts

B  symbolic speech; protected by the courts

C  symbolic speech; not protected by the courts

D  symbolic speech; seen as a misapplication of the principles of free speech

E  contentless speech; protected by the courts

A  an international treaty on human rights.

B  a 2015 Supreme Court decision.

C  a 2016 Congressional law.

D  a 2010 Constitutional Amendment.

E  a 2015 executive order.

A  abolished slavery.

B  expanded the right to vote to women.

C  did away with racial restrictions on voting.

D  set the minimum voting age to eighteen.

E  ended racial segregation in the United States.

A  Western Europe; former Soviet states

B  China; Mexico and Central America

C  Asia; Latin America

D  Europe; Latin American and Asia

E  Latin America; Eastern Europe

A  race cannot be considered as a factor at all in making admissions decisions.

B  affirmative action programs were allowable in law schools, but not to be utilized in medical schools.

C  race cannot be the sole factor in admissions decisions.

D  quota systems are constitutional.

E  all affirmative action programs were unconstitutional.

A  legislative mandate.

B  civil rights.

C  the Lincoln dilemma.

D  civil liberties.

E  affirmative action.

A  exacting scrutiny

B  moderate scrutiny

C  rational basis review

D  strict scrutiny

E  intermediate scrutiny

A  Rosa Parks; Dr. King

B  Malcolm X; Dr. King

C  Harriet Tubman; Malcolm X

D  Dr. King; Rosa Parks

E  Dr. King; Malcolm X

A  the national government has no power over local school boards

B  separation of races for educational purposes is constitutional

C  ethnic minorities have no right to equal treatment

D  African Americans cannot be refused college admission

E  public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment

A  primary tests.

B  constitutional exams.

C  registration tests.

D  poll tests.

E  literacy tests.

A  all races to participate in elections on an equal basis.

B  African Americans the opportunity to vote for the first time.

C  whites to exclude African Americans from voting in the general elections.

D  voters to select ballots for each party based on different skin colors.

E  whites to exclude African Americans from voting in Democratic primaries.

A  tried to stop the development of legal racial segregation known as Jim Crow laws.

B  agreed that separation of races is not a violation of the Constitution.

C  stated that schools may not practice any type of racial segregation.

D  ruled that African Americans are not persons for the purposes of the Constitution.

E  ruled that the practice of slavery must cease before the end of the century.

A  declared that everyone is entitled to full and equal enjoyment of public accommodations.

B  were designed to enforce the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.

C  made it illegal to use law or custom to deprive anyone of rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution.

D  implemented the extension of citizenship to anyone born in the United States.

E  All of these choices are true.

A  outlawed slavery.

B  stated that the right to vote shall not be abridged on account of race.

C  provided equal protection under the law.

D  gave eighteen-year-olds the right to vote.

E  gave women the right to vote.

A  the Thirteenth Amendment.

B  the Fourteenth Amendment.

C  the Nineteenth Amendment.

D  the Fifteenth Amendment.

E  the Declaration of Independence.

A  Gun ownership

B  the rights of all Americans provided for in the Fourteenth Amendment and what the government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination.

C  civil liberties such as freedom of religion, speech, or assembly.

D  what the government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination.

E  limitations on what the government may not do to interfere with individual liberties.

A  the Eighth Amendment.

B  judicial review.

C  the Tenth Amendment.

D  the Fifth Amendment.

E  the separation of powers.

A  prohibits the detention of a suspect for more than forty-eight hours without the suspect being charged.

B  forbids the admission of illegally seized evidence at trial.

C  None of these choices is true.

D  is limited to the federal courts.

E  prohibits the arresting officer from serving as a character witness at a hearing or trial.

A  search warrants are always needed to gather evidence.

B  a lawyer does not have to be supplied in a state case.

C  if one cannot afford an attorney, the government must provide one.

D  there can be no cruel and unusual punishment.

E  lawyers only need to be appointed in death penalty cases.

A  the right to die.

B  commercial speech.

C  the legality of abortion.

D  defamation by libel.

E  symbolic speech.

A  it is protected by the First Amendment’s freedom of expression (speech).

B  it was outlawed in some states in the 1980s.

C  Congress passed legislation against flag burning that was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

D  a constitutional amendment has been passed outlawing flag burning.

E  it is considered symbolic speech.

A  it violates the free exercise clause for government to support school vouchers.

B  it violates the free exercise clause for government to compose official prayers.

C  it is constitutional for government to sponsor school prayer if it is voluntary.

D  it violates the establishment clause for government to support school vouchers.

E  it violates the establishment clause for government to compose official prayers.

A  the establishment clause and the free exercise clause

B  the supremacy clause and the free exercise clause

C  the establishment clause and the general welfare clause

D  the general welfare clause and the supremacy clause

E  the free exercise clause and the general welfare clause

A  contained no language on religion.

B  limited only the power of state governments.

C  protected citizens from the national and state governments, but not from local governments.

D  limited only the power of the national government, not that of the states.

E  protected citizens from all forms of government.

A  two years, three years

B  six years; four years

C  six years; two years

D  two years; six years

E  two years; four years

A  are term limited and cannot run for reelection.

B  are defeated in primary elections.

C  are defeated in general elections.

D  choose not to run for reelection.

E  successfully run for reelection.

A  voter turnout increases sharply.

B  voter turnout falls sharply.

C  the president’s political party will usually gain seats in Congress.

D  the president’s political party will be unaffected unless the president campaigns for congressional candidates.

E  incumbents are more likely to lose.

A  the coattail effect.

B  gerrymandering.

C  incumbency advantage.

D  redistricting.

E  reapportionment.

A  instructed delegate; ombudsperson

B  trustee; instructed delegate

C  instructed delegate; trustee

D  ombudsperson; trustee

E  trustee; ombudsperson

A  the bureaucracy.

B  Congress.

C  the Senate, but not the House.

D  the President.

E  the House, but not the Senate.

A  the electoral college.

B  the chief executive.

C  the judiciary.

D  the bureaucracy.

E  the legislature.

A  constituents.

B  representatives.

C  trustees.

D  members.

E  delegates.

A  bicameralism.

B  cameralism.

C  multicameralism.

D  unicameralism.

E  the separation of powers.

A  Scott Walker.

B  Hillary Clinton.

C  Donald Trump.

D  Ted Cruz.

E  Bernie Sanders.

A  moderates.

B  conservatives.

C  socialists.

D  libertarians.

E  liberals.

A  it may boost the chances of a third candidate, and the public may think poorly of a candidate who engages in negative advertising.

B  the public do not pay attention to negative ads.

C  the public may think poorly of a candidate who engages in negative advertising.

D  it may boost the chances of a third candidate.

E  None of these choices is true.

A  a decline in both positive and negative political advertising; they are too costly

B  a decline in both positive and negative political advertising; they are perceived as ineffective

C  an increase in negative advertising; it is perceived as effective

D  a decline in negative advertising; it only harms the campaign that “goes negative”

E  a decline in negative advertising; it is perceived as having little or no effect

A  a media frame.

B  a quick quote.

C  a media bite.

D  a sound bite.

E  a sound frame.

A  age restrictions.

B  racial restrictions.

C  property ownership restrictions.

D  citizenship restrictions.

E  sex/gender restrictions.

A  increases; decreases

B  stabilizes; decreases

C  stabilizes; increases

D  decreases; increases

E  increases; increases

A  state elections; presidential elections

B  local elections; Congressional elections

C  presidential elections; midterm elections

D  local elections; presidential elections

E  primary elections; general elections

A  increasing turnout; suppressing turnout among minorities and the poor

B  increasing turnout; suppressing turnout among members of the armed forces serving abroad

C  preventing vote fraud; suppressing turnout among minorities and the poor

D  preventing vote fraud; suppressing turnout among members of the armed forces serving abroad

E  preventing vote fraud; making ID fraud more common

A  voters elect the president directly.

B  electors have always voted for the candidate who won their state’s vote.

C  All of these choices are true.

D  the number of electors equals each state’s number of senators (two) plus its number of representatives.

E  None of these choices is true.

A  general election; primary election

B  partisan election; general election

C  partisan election; primary election

D  primary election; secondary election

E  primary election; general election

A  is impossible.

B  would require a switch to a parliamentary system of government.

C  could be done by an act of Congress.

D  can be done on a state by state basis.

E  would require a Constitutional Amendment.

A  they are also voting for all other candidates from the same party.

B  they are voting for a slate of electors pledged to support a particular candidate.

C  their votes are weighted by the number of times they have previously voted.

D  their votes are weighted by their levels of education.

E  they become members of the electoral college.

A  splinter voter.

B  dealigned voter.

C  swing voter.

D  independent.

E  split-ticket voter

A  an establishment candidate who overcame insurgent candidates.

B  an insurgent candidate who never faded in the polls.

C  an establishment candidate who led from the beginning.

D  an establishment candidate who won due to his advantage in the “invisible primary.”

E  an insurgent candidate who won over the establishment.

A  debates can undermine the presidential image of an incumbent.

B  televised debates are believed to have given John Kennedy the edge over Richard Nixon in the close election of 1960.

C  participation in presidential debates is required of candidates by law.

D  debates put challengers and incumbents on equal footing.

E  challengers generally have more to gain by debating than do incumbent Presidents.

A  Johnson and Goldwater in 1964.

B  Nixon and McGovern in 1972.

C  Nixon and Humphrey in 1968.

D  Kennedy and Nixon in 1960.

E  Eisenhower and Stevenson in 1956.

A  choose a party for cultural reasons.

B  support the cultural positions of their party, regardless of how they feel about its economic positions.

C  choose a party for economic reasons.

D  support the economic positions of their party, regardless of how they feel about its cultural positions.

E  support both the cultural and economic positions of their party.

A  are not covered by federal election laws.

B  are committees created under federal or state law for the purpose of collecting political donations.

C  coordinate all expenditures directly with the candidate.

D  collect funds from the candidate and transfer them to the political party.

E  are limited in how much they spend

A  All of these choices are true.

B  increased the political power of corporations.

C  was supported by Republicans on the basis of free speech.

D  was opposed by Democrats because it gave corporations some political rights given to individual citizens.

E  ruled that corporations, unions, and non-profit organizations may spend freely to support or oppose candidates as long as those expenditures are not coordinated with the candidate campaigns.

A  Federalist candidates.

B  Socialist candidates.

C  Democratic candidates.

D  Republican candidates.

E  Libertarian candidates

A  Roosevelt’s coalition of whites and blacks was large enough to establish the Democrats as the majority party.

B  Democrats made major interventions in the economy to combat the Great Depression.

C  All of these choices are true.

D  President Roosevelt’s programs were open to whites and African Americans.

E  The Great Depression shattered working-class voters’ confidence in the Republican Party.

A  Republicans held the presidency from the early 1930s until the late 1960s.

B  The Great Depression solidified the Republican Party as the dominant and most trusted party in American government and politics.

C  Roosevelt’s relief programs were generally not available to African Americans, resulting in African Americans’ antagonism toward the Democratic Party that lasted for decades.

D  The Great Depression shattered the working-class belief in Republican economic competence.

E  The Great Depression shattered the working-class belief in Democratic economic competence.

A  necessity for the functioning of democracy.

B  legitimate means for interest groups to attempt to gain control of the government.

C  tradition from colonial times that would always exist.

D  vestige of politics under Great Britain and thus a thing of the past.

E  threat to national unity and popular government.

A  is one in which there are only two legal parties.

B  is one in which control of government is divided between two political parties.

C  is one in which only two parties have a reasonable chance of winning.

D  is one in which there are only two legal parties and tends to exist mostly in European democracies.

E  tends to exist mostly in European democracies.

A  emerged in the twentieth century.

B  was favored by George Washington.

C  emerged as a consequence of the form of government created by the Constitution.

D  is a requirement in the Constitution.

E  emerged as a consequence of the form of government created by the Constitution and was favored by George Washington.

A  exists when the presidency and Congress are controlled by different parties.

B  is a strong indication of the emergence of a new third party.

C  is another name for federalism.

D  increases the control of the winning party in an election.

E  reflects a situation when a person votes for candidates of two parties for different offices.

A  the individuals who choose the members of the electoral college.

B  the members of the general public who identify with a political party.

C  all of the elected and appointed officials who identify with a party.

D  the formal structure and leadership of a political party.

E  the members of the electoral college.

A  Republican Party

B  Green Party

C  Democratic Party

D  Libertarian Party

E  Federalist Party

A  signing up large numbers of deeply committed members.

B  collecting member dues.

C  trying to find the other party doing “bad” things.

D  getting the party’s candidates elected to office by winning elections.

E  peaceably influencing the American public.

A  individuals in a political party agree on all major policy issues.

B  interest groups select candidates to run for office and political parties do not.

C  political parties want to operate the government and interest groups do not.

D  individuals must pay dues to a political party but not to an interest group.

E  political parties do not want to operate the government and interest groups do.

A  50 percent

B  75 percent

C  90 percent

D  25 percent

E  10 percent

A  a conservative.

B  a liberal.

C  an independent.

D  a libertarian.

E  a naysayer.

A  have dominated leadership positions in Congress.

B  have faced serious challenges in the Republican primary.

C  have most often been the most extremely conservative members of the party.

D  have switched to the Democratic Party.

E  have defeated many RINOs