Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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Question #1

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A Heterotrophic nutrition

B Photosynthetic

C Can use a wide variety of nutrients

D Include single-celled and filamentous forms

E Have cell walls

Question #2

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A ectoplasm and endoplasm

B formation of a cyst stage

C heterotrophic nutrition

D motility

E cell wall

Question #3

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A oocyst

B cyst

C sporozoite

D trophozoite

E food vacuole

Question #4

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A septa

B mycelium

C pseudohyphae

D dimorphic

E molds

Question #5

Which is mismatched?

A Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

B Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

C Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

D Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

E Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

Question #6

Histones are ________.

A proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

B proteins of the cytoskeleton

C enzymes found in lysosomes

D found in polyribosomes

E on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question #7

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A Algae, Plants, and Fungi

B Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

C Algae, Protozoa and Animals

D Protozoa and Animals

Question #8

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A saprobes

B pseudohyphae

C dimorphic

D spores

E parasites

Question #9

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A substrates

B saprobes

C dimorphic

D nonseptate

E parasites

Question #10

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A nucleus

B ribosome

C nucleolus

D lysosome

E Golgi apparatus

Question #11

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

B Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

C Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

D Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #12

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A facilitate phototaxis

B facilitate chemotaxis

C are long, whiplike structures

D are used for cell motility

E contain microtubules

Question #13

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A Golgi apparatus

B mitochondria

C lysosome

D endoplasmic reticulum

E chloroplast

Question #14

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A endospore

B cyst

C trophozoite

D sporozoa

E seed

Question #15

The cytoskeleton ________.

A functions in movements of the cytoplasm

B All of the choices are correct.

C anchors organelles

D helps maintain cell shape

E provides support

Question #16

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A None of the choices are correct.

B microtubules

C flagella

D cilia

E filaments

Question #17

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A nucleolus

B nucleosome

C nucleoplasm

D nuclear envelope

E chromatin

Question #18

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

B Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

C Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

Question #19

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A Coccus

B Tetrad

C Vibrio

D Rod

E Spirochete

Question #21

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A fimbriae

B cilia

C sex pili

D flagella

E periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

Question #22

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A Cell membrane

B Capsule

C All of the choices are correct.

D Fimbriae

E Slime layer

Question #23

Plasmids ________.

A are often the site of pathogenic genes

B cannot be passed on to progeny

C cannot be passed between organisms

D are essential for growth and metabolism

E are found in all bacteria

Question #24

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A inclusions

B slime layer

C capsule

D fimbriae

E LPS

Question #25

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A peritrichous

B monotrichous

C atrichous

D lophotrichous

E amphitrichous

Question #26

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A All of thechoices are correct.

B Bacillus

C Sporosarcina

D Clostridium

E Staphylococcus

Question #27

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

B cilia

C flagella

D sex pili

E fimbriae

Question #29

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A found in archaea

B a spheroplast

C acid fast

D gram-positive

E gram-negative

Question #30

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A rRNA

B tRNA

C None of thechoices is correct.

D mRNA

E All of thechoices are correct.

Question #31

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A gram-negative

C gram-positive

D both gram-positive and -negative

Question #32

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A cyanobacteria

B archaea

C gram-negative organisms

D gram-positive organisms

E mycoplasmas

Question #33

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Endospores are ________.

A resistant to destruction by radiation

B resistant to heat and chemical destruction

C living structures

D metabolically inactive

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #35

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A capsules

B cell walls

C cell membranes

D inclusions

E slime layers

Question #36

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

B The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

C The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

D The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

E Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

Question #37

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A hook

B filament

C outer membrane

D basal body

E sheath

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A fastidious

B aerobic

C microaerophilic

D anaerobic

E autotrophic

Question #39

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A Nosepiece

B Ocular lens

C Objective lens

D Body

E Condenser

Question #40

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A Loop

B Pipette

C Swab

D Petri dish

E Needle

Question #41

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

B it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

C it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

D it is a type of compound microscope

E it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

Question #42

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A blood agar

B MacConkey medium

C a reducing medium

D trypticase soy agar

E mannitol salt agar

Question #43

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A Enumeration

B Reducing

C Selective

D Enriched

E Differential

Question #44

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A Magnification

B All of thechoices are correct.

C Refraction

D Resolving power

E None of the choices are correct.

Question #45

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

B Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

C Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

D Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

Question #46

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler’s methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A simple staining

B capsule staining

C negative staining

D using an acidic dye

E using the acid-fast stain

Question #47

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A Fluorescence

B Differential interference contrast

C Scanning electron

D Phase contrast

E Transmission electron

Question #48

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A Gram stain

B flagellar stain

C negative stain

D hanging drop

E fixed stained smear

Question #49

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A The culture iscontaminated.

B The culturemedium must be differential.

C The culturemedium must be selective.

D Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

E The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

Question #50

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A Is solid at room temperature

B Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

C Is digested by most microbes

D Holds moisture

E Has flexibility

Question #51

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A reducing

B complex

C minimal

D enriched

E synthetic

Question #52

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A Dark field

B Fluorescence

C Phase contrast

D Electron

E Bright field

Question #53

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A Transport

B Blood

C General purpose

D Thioglycollate

E EMB

Question #54

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A green plant

B euglena

C mold

D fungus

E algae

Question #55

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A fluorescence

B bright field

C phase contrast

D electron

E dark field

Question #56

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

B Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

C Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

D Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

Question #57

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #58

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A determining evolutionary relatedness

B nomenclature

C recombinant DNA

D bioremediation

E determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

Question #59

Helminths are _____.

A bacteria

B protozoa

C infectious particles

D parasitic worms

E molds

Question #60

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A oxygen

B hydrogen

C carbon

D nitrogen

E phosphorous

Question #61

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #62

All proteins are enzymes.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #63

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A Bacteria are larger than viruses

B Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

C Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

D Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

Question #64

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A taxa

B nomenclature

C identification

D common name

E classification

Question #65

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A measles

B respiratory diseases

C AIDS-related diseases

D malaria diseases

E diarrheal diseases

Question #66

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A family, genus,species

B class, phylum,order

C family, order,class

D kingdom, domain,phylum

E genus, species,family

Question #67

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A Viruses

B Helminths

C Parasites

D Bacteria

E Fungi

Question #68

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #69

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A prokaryotes

B fermenters

C pathogens

D eukaryotes

E decomposers

Question #70

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A taxonomy

B immunology

C epidemiology

D genetic engineering

E bioremediation

Question #71

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A fermenters

B prokaryotes

C eukaryotes

D decomposers

E pathogens

Question #72

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

B microbes are found on dust particles

C microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

D a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

E life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

Question #73

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A can only be found growing in laboratories

B are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

C cause human disease

D are infectious particles

E lack a cell nucleus

Question #74

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A triglyceride

B wax

C cholesterol

D starch

E phospholipid

Question #75

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A Robert Koch

B Joseph Lister

C Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

D Francesco Redi

E Louis Pasteur

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Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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