Lecture Exam 3 (Ch 9, 10, 11)

A  microorganisms colonizing the body

B  contact with pathogens

C  contact with microorganisms

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  pathogens penetrating host defenses

A  the birth process through the birth canal

B  bottle feeding

C  All of the choices are correct.

D  contact with hospital staff

E  breast feeding

A  False

B  True

A  exotoxins

B  virulence factors

C  toxins that target the intestines

D  All of thechoices are correct.

E  proteins

A  urinary system

B  genital system

C  respiratory system

D  gastrointestinal system

E  skin

A  False

B  True

A  Production of leukocidins

B  Secretion of slime

C  Secretion of a capsule

D  Ability to survive intracellularly

E  Adhering to the host

A  lipopolysaccharides

B  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed

C  antiphagocytic factors

D  secretions that always target nervous tissue

E  proteins

F    

A  Capsules – antiphagocytic factor

B  Hemolysins – damage red blood cells

C  Fimbriae – adherence to substrate

D  Leukocidins – damage white blood cells

E  Coagulase – dissolve fibrin clots

A  zoonotic

B  noncommunicable

C  vector-borne

D  polymicrobial

A  genital system

B  respiratory system

C  urinary system

D  skin

E  gastrointestinal system

A  Adhesion

B  Phagocytosis

C  Encapsulation

D  Exocytosis

E  Margination

A  True

B  False

A  minimal dose

B  indigenous biota

C  infectious dose

D  virulence factor

E  endotoxin

A  fungi

B  viruses

C  protozoans

D  bacteria

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  when an infant gets its first infectious disease

B  before birth, in utero

C  during puberty

D  during and immediately after birth

E  when a child first goes to school

A  True

B  False

A  exogenous

B  axenic

C  endogenous

D  an enterotoxin

E  an exotoxin

A  persistent

B  latent

C  asymptomatic

D  chronic

A  To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are culturable

B  To eradicate thosemembers of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease.
To determine therole the human microbiota plays in health and disease.

C  To eradicate those members of the normal microbiota that may potentially cause disease
To determine antibiotic susceptibility of the most prevalent microorganisms among human microbiota

D  To determine the role the human microbiota plays in health and disease
To enumerate all of the members of the human microbiota, both those that can be cultured and those that are nonculturable

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  Epigenetic changes

B  Secretion of exotoxins

C  Causing an overreaction of the host immune system

D  Causing direct damage through exoenzymes

A  Bats are the reservoir and the major source for SARS-CoV-2 in this pandemic.

B  Bats do not represent either the source or the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

C  Bats are the reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.

D  Bats are the source of most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

B  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

C  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
Microbes use the antimicrobial agent as an energy source
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

D  The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway.
An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target.
The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased.
A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent.
Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent by pumping it out of the cell.

A  CRISPR, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Bacteriophage therapy, RNA interference–directed at bacterial mRNAs

B  CRISPR, Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx,

C  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx, Bacteriophage therapy

D  Methods that directly interfere with cell respiration in bacteria, Making use of host and bacterial defense peptides, Interfering with synthesis of bacterial capsules/glycocalyx

A  cephalosporin

B  erythromycin

C  vancomycin

D  penicillin

E  isoniazid

A  True

B  False

A  They are used to treat viral infections. They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections.

B  They include topical medications that can be used to treat cutaneous infections. They include fluconazole which is used to treat AIDS-related mycoses. They are used to treat fungal infections.

C  They are used to treat viral infections. They are used to treat fungal infections.

A  False

B  True

A  ribosome biosynthesis

B  folic acid biosynthesis

C  peptidoglycan biosynthesis

D  nucleic acid biosynthesis

E    

F  None of the choices are correct.

A  do not cause serious side effects in humans

B  low toxicity for human tissues

C  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids

D  high toxicity against microbial cells

E  All of the choices are correct.

A  True

B  False

A  narrow-spectrum drugs

B  semisynthetic drugs

C  antibiotics

D  broad-spectrum drugs

E  synthetic drugs

A  Clavulanic acid

B  Imipenem

C  Synercid

D  Penicillinase

E  Aztreonam

A  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

B  block folic acid synthesis

C  damage cell membranes

D  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

E  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  False

B  True

A  False

B  True

A  synergism

B  chemotherapy

C  prophylaxis

D  nephrotoxicity

E  selective toxicity

A  streptomycin

B  gentamycin

C  erythromycin

D  tetracycline

E  polymyxins

A  Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Allylamines, Azoles

B  Azoles, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

C  Macrolide polyenes, Beta-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Echinocandins

D  Allylamines, Azoles, Macrolide polyenes, Echinocandins

A  False

B  True

A  block folic acid synthesis

B  damage cell membranes

C  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan

D  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis

E  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules

A  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cephalosporium

B  Streptomyces, Bacillus, Cephalosporium, Penicillium

C  Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

D  Streptococcus, Penicillium

A  damage to prokaryotic cell membranes

B  damage to the target organisms but not host cells

C  damage to pathogenic organisms

D  damage to nucleic acids

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  sanitization

B  sterilization.

C  degermation

D  antisepsis

A  High; moist

B  Moist; high

C  Moist; dry

D  High; dry

E  Dry; moist

A  thermal death time (TDT)

B  thermal death point (TDP)

C  death phase point

D  sporicidal time

E  None of the choices are correct

A  antisepsis

B  virilization

C  disinfection

D  sterilization

E  decontamination

A  False

B  True

A  cannot sterilize

B  will sterilize at 121°C for 15 minutes

C  is used in devices called autoclaves

D  is less efficient than moist heat

E  includes tyndallization

A  cell membranes

B  ribosomes

C  cytoplasm

D  cellular proteins

E  cell walls

A  bacteriostatic

B  bactericidal

C  None of the choices are correct

D  decontamination

E  sterilization

A  blocking transport out from the organism

B  coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment

C  All of the choices are correct

D  blocking transport into the organism

E  disrupting membrane integrity

A  disinfection

B  antisepsis

C  sanitation

D  decontamination

E  sterilization

A  alcohol

B  moist heat

C  X rays

D  metallic ions

E  acids

A  mycobacteria and staphylococci

B  vegetative bacteria and fungi

C  protozoan cysts

D  prions

E  endospores

A  True

B  False

A  True

B  False

A  hydrogen peroxide

B  ultraviolet radiation

C  pasteurization

D  boiling water

E  HEPA filters

A  boiling water

B  All of the choices are correct

C  hot water

D  flash pasteurization

E  steam autoclave

A  False

B  True

A  Sporicide

B  Fungicide

C  Virucide

D  Bactericide

E  Germicide

A  disinfection

B  sanitization

C  antisepsis

D  degermation

E  sterilization

A  kills all vegetative forms

B  reduces the number of endospores

C  increases food nutrient value

D  None of the choices are correct

E  reduces the number of vegetative forms

A  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Lysosomes

B  Lysosomes, Proteins

C  Cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Proteins

D  Cell membrane, Lysosomes

A  False

B  True

A  thermal death time (TDT)

B  None of the choices are correct

C  sporicidal time

D  thermal death point (TDP)

E  death phase point