Chapter 1 Quiz

A  Participants of the same age at the same point in time

B  Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

C  The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

D  Participants over the same ages but in different years

A  Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

B  Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

C  Participants over the same ages but in different years

D  The same grow

A  Sequential 

B  Correlational

C  Cross-sectional 

D  Longitudinal 

A  Random assignment 

B  Cohort effects

C  Practice effects 

D  Biased sampling 

A   Sequential 

B  Correctional

C  Longitudinal 

D  Cross- sectional 

A  Experimental 

B  Longitudinal 

C  Cross-sectional 

D  Correlational

A  Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

B  Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

C  Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

D  Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

A  Sequential

B  Systematic 

C  Random

D  Correlational

A  Dependent variable 

B  Control group

C  Correlation coefficient 

D  Independent variable 

A  Structural 

B  Experimental

C  Observational 

D  Correlational 

A  The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

B  A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

C  The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

D  A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

A  Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

B  Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

C  Age-related changes may be distorted 

D  Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

A  Correlational 

B  Experimental 

C  Variable

D  Observational 

A  Observational, correlational 

B  Observational, experimental

C  Correlational, experimental 

D  Variable, observational 

A  More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

B  More likely that their age mates to have early sex

C   The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

D  More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Structured interview

C  Clinical interview 

D  Clinical interview 

A  Questions in a large group of participants

B  A different set of questions for each participant

C  The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

D  Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

A  Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

B  Does not reveal depth of information

C  May not result in accurate reporting of information 

D  Only provides a small amount of information

A  Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

B  Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

C  Makes comparing individuals’ responses very easy 

D  Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

A  Naturalistic observation

B  Naturalistic observation

C  Structured observation

D  Self-report

A  It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

B  it tells more about the participants’ reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

C  It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

D  Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

A  Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

B  Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

C  Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

D  Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

A  Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

B  Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

C  Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

D  Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

A  Theories

B  Research methods

C  Research designs 

D  Hypothesis

A  Psychosocial

B  Psychosexual 

C  Behaviorism 

D  Cognitive- Developmental

A  the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

B  the ease of empirically testing its ideas

C  Its use of a wide variety of research methods

D  its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

A  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

B  Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation

C  Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

D  Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

A  Ignored personality development

B  Applied in all cultures 

C  Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

D  Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

A  By conducting studies of animal behavior 

B  On the basis of his adult patients’ memories of painful childhood events 

C  On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

D  By carefully observing his own children

A  Actively explore the environment

B  Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

C  Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

D  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

A   Launching the normative approach

B  Writing the first parenting books 

C  Conduction child observations and parent interviews

D  Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

A  Normative

B  Psychometric

C  Genetic

D  Nonnormative

A  Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

B  Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

C  Regarded development as a maturational process

D  Inspired Charles Darwin’s research 

A  G. Stanley Hall

B  Arnold Gesell

C  Benjamin Spock

D  Charles Darwin

A  Theory of evolution

B  Psychosocial theory

C   Normative approach 

D  Psychoanalytic theory

A  Do not follow a predictable timetable

B  Include age-graded and history-graded influences

C  Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

D  Are typical or average

A  Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

B  Vocational success over family obligations

C  Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

D  The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

A  History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

B  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

C  Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

D  History-graded influences are normative

A  Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

B  Ari, a temperamental artist

C  Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

D  Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

A  Resilience 

B  Assimilation 

C  Plasticity 

D  Stamina

A  The parental period 

B  Adolescence 

C  Early childhood

D  No single age range period

A  Largely the result of heredity

B  Multidirectional and multidimensional

C  Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

D  Static and stable

A  Mostly influenced by heredity

B  Having substantial plasticity 

C  Mostly stable

D  Driven by early life experiences

A  Nurture

B  Nature

C  Stability 

D  Stages

A  Stages

B  Nature

C  Early experiences

D  Nurture 

A  Nature-nurture 

B  Stability- Plasticity

C  Social-cognitive

D  Continous- discontinuous

A  Nature

B  Nurture

C  Continuous 

D  Discontinuous 

A  Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

B  It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

C  Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people’s lives 

D  It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

A  Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

B  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

C  Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

D  Genetic factors that contribute to longevity