Lecture Exam 3

A  hypothalamus 

B  limbic system 

C  cerebellum 

D  medulla oblongata 

A  Pons

B  Medulla oblongata

C  Cerebellum

D  Cerebrum 

A  voluntary movement, frontal lobe

B  visual reflexes, pons 

C  blood pressure, pons 

D  blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

A  Red nuclei 

B  Substantia nigra 

C  Arcuate nuclei 

D  Cerebral nuclei

A  hypothalamus.

B  epithalamus.

C  thalamus.

D  pons.

A  Mammillary body

B  Habenular nucleus

C  Pineal gland 

D  Anterior nucleus 

A  sound, cerebellum

B  taste, insula 

C  smell, parietal lobe

D  taste, frontal lobe

A  verbal communication.

B  hearing.

C  vision.

D  smell.

A  cerebral sulci.

B  hypothalamus.

C  cerebral gyri.

D  corpus callosum.

A  cerebrum.

B  pons.

C  cerebellum.

D  hypothalamus.

A  astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

B  ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

C  astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

D  microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

A  arachnoid villi.

B  microglia.

C  astrocytes.

D  the median aperture.

A  choroid plexus.

B  septum pellucidum.

C  arachnoid granulation.

D  arachnoid villi.

A  CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

B  CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

C  CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

D  CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

A  mesencephalic aqueduct

B  central canal.

C  septum pellucidum.

D  interventricular foramen.

A  fourth

B  third 

C  median 

D  lateral 

A  Subdural layer

B  Dura mater

C  Pia mater 

D  Arachnoid

A  a, c, b

B  a, b, c

C  b, c, a

D  b, a, c

A  ectoderm.

B  mesoderm.

C  endoderm.

A  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

B  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

C  myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D  unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

A  neurofibril nodes.

B  myelinated regions.

A  unmyelinated, small 

B  myelinated, small

C  myelinated, large 

D  unmyelinated, large 

A  calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

B  calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

C  calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

D  calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

A  Relative refractory period 

B  Absolute refractory period 

A  open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

B  closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

C  closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

D  open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

A  potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B  potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

C  potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

D  potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

A  action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

B  postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

C  excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

D  resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

A  EPSP, which is a depolarization.

B  IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

C  IPSP, which is a depolarization.

D  EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

A  voltage-, axon 

B  voltage-, dendrite 

C  chemically, axon

D  chemically, dendrite 

A  lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

B  is all or none (always the same intensity).

C  travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

D  varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

A  sodium-potassium pumps.

B  mechanically gated channels.

C  voltage-gated channels.

D  chemically gated channels.

A  more negative.

B  0 mV.

C  more positive.

D   the same.

A  inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

B  indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

C  directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

D  directly related to both voltage and resistance.

A  the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

B  the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

C  the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

D  the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

A  voltage-gated sodium channel.

B  voltage-gated calcium channel.

C  voltage-gated chloride channel.

D  voltage-gated potassium channel.

A   initial 

B  conductive 

C   transmissive

D  receptive 

A  endoneurium.

B  epineurium.

C  perineurium.

D  endosteum.

A  dense regular connective tissue.

B  simple squamous epithelium.

C  dense irregular connective tissue.

D  areolar connective tissue.

A  is found only in the CNS.

B  contains a single axon.

C  carries information only toward the PNS.

D  is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

A  ependymal cell.

B  astrocyte.

C  neurolemmocyte.

D  satellite cell.

A  microglial cell.

B  ependymal cell.

C  oligodendrocyte.

D  astrocyte.

A  Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

B  Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

C  Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

D  Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

A   the presynaptic neuron’s soma into synaptic vesicles.

B  the presynaptic neuron’s synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

C  the presynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

D  the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A  chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

B  individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

C  some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

D  astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

A  motor neurons.

B  bipolar neurons.

C  interneurons.

D  sensory neurons.

A  At the tips of telodendria 

B  At the ends of dendrites 

C  Along axon collaterals 

D  Within the cell body 

A  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

B  a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

C  several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell’s target.

D  a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

A  Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

B  Transmits impulses from the viscera 

C   Involuntary control of the heart 

D  Conducts impulses from the CNS 

A  conduct impulses to muscles.

B  collect information.

C  process information.

D  initiate responses to information.