Exam 3

A  about 77 cents for every dollar men earn.

B  about the same as what men earn

C  about half of what men earn

D  more than men earn in most occupations.

A  gender age; Francis E. Downey

B  gerotranscendence; Lars Tornstam

C  ageism; Robert Butler

D  age cohort; C. Everett Koop

A  blue-colar jobs

B  low-paying Jobs

C  white-collar jobs

D  high-paying jobs

A  All races have the same origin; race is a status that cannot be changed

B  There is only one race; intelligence is based on race

C  Eventually there will only be one race; all races have the same origin

D  One race is superior to another; pure races exist

A  Nurture is the dominant force in determining human behavior.

B  Nature is the dominant force in determining human behavior.

C  Human behavior is the result of nature and nurture working together.

D  Neither nature nor nurture is responsible for determining human behavior.

A  between eight and ten years

B  until both children are 18 years of age

C  for a year or less

D  for at least five or six years

A  functionalists theorists

B  symbolic interactionists

C  conflict theorists

D  none

A  people’s sexual orientation

B  The secondary sex characteristics of men and women

C  The degree of inequality between men and women in a society

D  The personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being a male or female.

A  changing women’s work roles

B  campaigning to pass an Equal Rights Amendment

C  winning the right to vote for women

D  reforming all the institutions of society

A  Gender differences are based on social factors

B  Gender differences are based on genetic dispositions.

C  Gender differences are based on physiological differences.

D  Gender differences are the result of biological differences.

A  The world offers unequal access to power, prestige, and property based on one’s sex

B  Gender is sociologically significant because it is the way in which society controls its members.

C  Being born male or female carries images and expectations on how one should act.

D  The terms “sex” and “gender” are sociologically and biologically interchangeable.

A  the greater the level of education, the more births to single women

B  the lower the level of education, the fewer births to single women

C  There is no relationship between the level of education and births to single women.

D  the greater the level of education, the fewer births to single women

A  secessionists minority

B  militant minority

C  pluralistic minority

D  assimilationist minority

A  individual discrimination

B  institutional discrimination

C  cronyism

D  stereotyping

A  The ACLU took the Loving case to the Virginia Supreme Court, where the Court invalidated the Virginia anti-miscegenation statute in 1965

B  Richard and Mildred Loving found very little support from whites.

C  The ACLU took the Loving case to the U.S. Supreme Court, where the Court invalidated all anti-miscegenation laws in 1967.

D  None of the above is true.

A  He is not intelligent enough to get a better job.

B  It is due to his unwillingness to work.

C  Changes in the social structure are the most likely cause.

D  Changes in John’s value system are the most likely cause.

A  gender identity

B  sex

C  machismo

D  androgyny

A  white power

B  brown power

C  white supremacy

D  white privilege

A  craftsman

B  skilled laborer

C  bureaucrat

D  unskilled worker

A  Michael is more likely than Archie to be prejudiced against Asians.

B  Michael and Archie are equally likely to be prejudiced against Asians

C  Archie is more likely than Michael to be prejudiced against Asians.

D  No conclusion can be drawn from the statement.

A  Some societies have no definitions for gender categories.

B  Societies may define both “masculine” and “feminine” differently.

C  All societies define masculine in the same way.

D  All societies define feminine in the same way.

A  Coal power plants are disproprtionately placed in comminities of color.

B  Environmental racism is a subtle form of racism.

C  Extreme cases of arthritis consitute examples of health related issues resulting from environmental racism.

D  There is the dumping of waste on Native American lands.

A  They would allow nursing homes to apply for more grants and reduce costs to families.

B  They would likely reduce the incidents of elderly abuse.

C  They would make licensure of nursing homes easier.

D  They would improve the efficiency of nursing home operations

A  is entirely dependent upon fixed biological characteristics

B  is based on biological factors only

C  tends to be quite similar in all cultures

D  varies, depending upon the society in which its meaning is constructed

A  movement up and down the class ladder

B  ownership of one group of people by another

C  enforced norms of endogamy

D  class distinction for life based on ascription

A  population transfer and segregation

B  population transfer and genocide

C  genocide and pluralism

D  assimilation and segregation

A  She will be ultra conservative.

B  She will probably become a socialist worker.

C  She will be apathetic towards politics.

D  She will be more politically radical.

A  Income earnings are just about evenly divided among all Americans.

B  The top 20 percent of Americans earn nearly half the income.

C  The bottom 20 percent of Americans earn about 15 percent of the income.

D  The top two-thirds of Americans earn about two-thirds of the income.

A  globalization

B  slavery

C  neocolonialism

D  caste system

A  The class system works in democracies.

B  The class system existed before the other three.

C  The class system has fluid boundaries.

D  The class system is not based on religion.

A  relative poverty

B  low-level poverty

C  absolute poverty

D  transitional poverty

A  social reform

B  social stratification

C  structural mobility

D  income distribution

A  The workers are victims of social stratification.

B  The workers’ sense of fairness has been influenced by primogeniture.

C  The workers are experiencing false class consciousness.

D  The workers share class consciousness.

A  It was enacted by President Bill Clinton

B  It reformed U.S. welfare policy

C  It also had a significant impact on many in the upper-middle class.

D  It created the Temporary Aid to Needy Families program

A  Just as likely as people with low incomes to vote

B  are much less likely than people with low income to vote

C  More likely than people with low incomes to vote

D  Less likely than people with low incomes to vote