Exam 3

A  waves

B  predation

C  salinity

D  light

E  temperature

F  nutrients

A  genetic adaptation

B  physiological adaptation

C  genetic acclimatization

D  physiological acclimatization

A  sexual partners

B  light

C  space

D  food

A  Protocene

B  Pliocene

C  Pleistocene

D  Paleocene

A  sharing

B  generalization

C  partitioning

D  specialization

A  creeks, inland waterways

B  ocean, brackish water

C  rivers, seawater

D  lakes, hyposaline pools

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  calcium carbonate, builders

B  calcium-proteinaceous, producers

C  porous, inhabitants

D  thin, builders

A  facilitative, agonistic

B  agonistic, true

C  interspecific, intraspecific

D  intraspecific, interspecific

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Upper

B  Middle

C  Lower

A  zooxanthellae, mortality

B  fungal, mass spawning

C  dinoflagellate, bleaching

D  cyanobacteria, bleaching

A  drowned fiver valleys

B  coastal plain estuaries

C  fjord

D  bar-build estuaries

A  An ecosystem’s limit

B  Carrying capacity

C  Maximum capacity

D  Steady state

A  mud, silt, clay

B  clay, silt, mud

C  silt, clay, mud

A  none of these

B  aerial respiration

C  evaporative cooling

D  natal homing

E  use of the operculum

A  squids

B  mussels

C  scallops

D  tube snails

E  abalone

A  calcium carbonate

B  strontium sulphate

C  chitin

D  calcium bicarbonate

E  silicate

A  salmon in estuaries

B  octopus in the lower intertidal

C  otters in kelp forests

D  turtles in the intertidal

E  barnacles in the intertidal

A  Freshwater moving from rivers

B  High tides moving in

C  Differences in water temperature as one moves inland

D  The Coriolis effect

E  Salt wedge moving toward the surface

A  the Indo-Pacific

B  the Galapagos

C  the Caribbean

D  the Hawaiian Islands

E  the Aleutian Islands

A  brooders

B  sexual reproducers

C  gamete spawners

D  broadcast spawners

A  secondary consumer

B  quaternary consumer

C  primary producer

D  primary consumer

E  tertiary consumer

A  The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities

B  Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations

C  Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)

D  Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle

E  The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides

A  Provide the coral with protection from herbivores

B  Provide the coral with carbon dioxide

C  Release mucus and other chemicals

D  Provide the coral with protection from predators

E  Help in the deposition of the skeleton

A  Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

B  Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

C  All of the choices are true

D  Provide habitats to many species

E  Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

A  Always have a soft skeleton

B  Have zooxanthellae

C  Are non-reef builders

D  Only live in temperate waters

E  Are scavengers

A  mutualistic

B  symbiotic

C  parasitic

D  episodic

E  commensalistic

A  food

B  light

C  salinity

D  tides

E  shifting sand

A  Fewer species

B  More species overall

C  Increase in the number of mussels

D  Less wave action

E  Decrease in the number of seaweeds

A  5%

B  10%

C  15%

D  2%

A  regulate gas exchange

B  provide surface for epiphyte growth

C  float blades toward the surface

D  provide CO2 for photosynthesis

A  locks

B  fringing reefs

C  atolls

D  keys

E  barrier reefs

A  Mostly physical factors

B  Neither physical nor biological factors

C  Both biological and physical factors

D  Mostly biological factors

A  Temerature

B  Salinity

C  Substrate

D  Predation

E  Light

A  Need less oxygen to survive

B  Can survive broad changes in salinity

C  Only tolerate small temperature changes

D  Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities

E  Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species

A  a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers

B  typically found on a submerged volcano

C  a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms

D  typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf