Exam 1

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Question #1

A _____ uses metabolic energy to heat its body. A _____ loses metabolic heat and must maintain body temperatures using alternative means.

A ectotherm, endotherm

B endotherm, pokilotherm

C pokilotherm, homeotherm

D homeotherm, endotherm

E endotherm, ectotherm

Question #2

The process in which the continental land masses have moved their positions on Earth’s surface due to plate tectonics is known as __________.

A contiental rise

B geotaxis

C continental uplift

D geoforming

E continental drift

Question #3

The nutrients __________, __________, and __________ are often scarce in the water column because they are used up quickly by autotrophs during photosynthesis.

A Sulfur, Oxygen, Carbon

B Iron, Zinc, Nitrate

C Nitrate, Phosphorous, Iron

D Phosphorous, Carbon, Oxygen

Question #4

Seawater turbidity and dissolved materials influence light penetration. In temperate waters, ___________ wavelengths (color) of light penetrate the furthest into seawater, whereas in tropical waters ___________ light travels the deepest.

A red, green

B blue, green

C blue, blue

D green, blue

Question #5

The metabolic wastes excreted by herbivores, as well as other dissolved organic particles are known as _____________ and are an energy source for deep sea organisms.

A dissolved organic carbon

B nitrogenous waste

C marine snow

D marine debris

Question #6

When oceanic plates collide with continental plates, which plate is subducted?

A continental plate

B it depends

C both

D oceanic plate

Question #7

The largest continuous geological feature on earth is the _____.

A Mid-Atlantic Ridge

B Pacific Ocean

C Mariana Trench

D Puerto Rico Trench

E Rocky Mountains

Question #8

The founder of modern oceanography and marine biology is often credited as British naturalist Charles Darwin.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #9

In organisms known as ____________, the salt content of their cellular tissues is identical to that of the surrounding seawater; on the other hand, _________ are able to control the salt content of their internal body fluids.

A osmolytes, ectolytes

B ectotherms, homeotherms

C ionoconformer, ionoregulator

D homeotherms, ectotherms

E osmoconformer, osmoregulator

Question #10

Two ions, ____________ and ____________, comprise about 85% of the solutes in seawater. (Choose two).

A magnesium

B sodium

C silicon

D chloride

E iron

Question #11

Seasonality in temperate and polar waters produces a shallow _______ in the surface layer, however, in the tropics this phenomena is absent.

A wind-driven upwelling zone

B gyre

C regional nutrient enrichment

D seasonal thermocline

Question #12

Earth goes through periods of glaciation and alternating interglacial periods. Earth is currently in a _________ period, that began at the end of the __________ ~11,700 years ago.

A glaciation, Silurian

B glaciation, Miocene

C interglacial, Pleistocene

D interglacial, Paleocene

E interglacial, Holocene

Question #13

The blood of marine fish is less salty relative to seawater and they _____ salt along their gills; freshwater fish blood is more salty than freshwater and they ____ salt at the gills.

A concentrate, gain

B gain, lose

C lose, gain

D gain, concentrate

Question #14

Who were the first marine scientists to travel around the Pacific Ocean using natural phenomena as their navigational tools?

A Ferdinand Magellan

B Captain Cook

C Pacific Islanders

D Vikings

Question #15

Which of the following are considered to be branches of marine science?

A Physics

B Zoology

C All of these

D Anthropology

E Chemistry

Question #16

The east coast of the United States is a passive margin characterized by:

A Steep and rocky shorelines

B Gentle continental slope

C Mountains along the coast

D Offshore trench

E Short continental shelf

Question #17

Trenches are formed where:

A A plate sinks beneath another

B Sea floor spreading takes place

C A plate is lifted by another

D A plate splits and opens up

E A plate moves above another

Question #18

There is scientific evidence that the earth and the rest of the solar system formed approximately:

A 10 million years ago

B 10.5 billion years ago

C 4.6 billion years ago

D 5 million years ago

E 1 billion years ago

Question #19

The world’s largest and deepest ocean:

A Arctic Ocean

B Pacific Ocean

C Indian Ocean

D Antarctic Ocean

E Atlantic Ocean

Question #20

An earthquake occurred off the island of Java. Afterwards an ocean buoy detects a wavelength of 42 ft. Scientists in Hawaii are determining whether this is a sign of an approaching tsunami. Based on the relationship of wavelength to wave-height, the approaching wave is estimated to be _______ ft and an alarm is ______.

A 6, called off

B 83, announced

C 100, announced

D 700, announced

E 60, called off

Question #21

The major surface currents of the oceans rotate counterclockwise in the _____ hemisphere and clockwise in the ______ hemisphere.

A Southern, Northern

B Northern, Northern

C Southern, Southern

D Northern, Southern

E Western, Eastern

Question #22

Glucose is an example of a:

A Starch

B Protein

C Hormone

D Carbohydrate

E Lipid

Question #23

A ______ maintains a constant body temperature. An organisms that lacks thermoregulation and has a variable body temperature is a _______.

A osmoconformer, osmoregulator

B homeotherm, poikilotherm

C poikilotherm, osmoconformer

D endotherm, ectotherm

E poikilotherm, homeotherm

Question #24

The modern scientific method is based on the work of:

A Neptune

B Plato

C Herodotus

D Posidious

E Aristotle

Question #25

Gyres are:

A Influenced by the Coriolis effect only in the Northern Hemisphere

B Found only in the Pacific Ocean

C The driving force behind hurricanes and typhoons

D Limited to continental margins

E Large circular systems of surface currents

Question #26

All of the following are examples of asexual reproduction EXCEPT:

A Fission

B Budding

C Fragmentation

D Fertilization

E None of the above

Question #27

Which of the following ocean bottom-types is composed of a large number of shell pieces secreted by life forms?

A Diogenous

B Terrigenous

C Biogenous

D Hydrogenous

E None of the above

Question #28

After World War II, which of the following technological developments opened the doors to new reseach areas in marine science?

A Deep-water dredges

B Research vessels

C Nets

D Sonar

E Marine laboratories

Question #29

Phylogenetics is the study of _________.

A drivers of environmental change

B organisms’ physiological ecology

C organisms’ evolutionary history

D evolutionary time

Question #30

Which of the following is NOT one of the world’s major ocean basins:

A Pacific

B Antarctic

C Indian

D Arctic

Question #31

The rule of constant proportions states that within the ocean:

A Ion concentrations don’t change

B Chlorine varies with location

C Salinity varies with location

D Salinity varies with season

E Sodium varies with depth

Question #32

Which of the following organic molecules store energy, provide insulation, make up cell membranes, and assist in buoyancy?

A Lipids

B Nucleic Acids

C Amino Acids

D Proteins

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